{
  "abstract": "Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant that adversely affects human health, climate and ecosystems. However, its removal in urban environments remains poorly represented in air-quality and climate models, largely due to limited flux-based observations of urban O3 deposition. Using eddy-covariance flux measurements from a meteorological tower in Beijing, we show─for the first time to our knowledge─that surface uptake plays a central role in O3 removal in urban environments but is strongly limited under dry conditions by evaporation and by higher-above-measurement nitrogen monoxide (NO) concentrations (HAMNC), inferred from downward NO fluxes and likely linked to elevated-source NO emissions. These limitations led to significantly more frequent positive ozone-flux events under low relative humidity (RH < 30%) and downward NO flux, reducing downward O3 flux by ∼5% and ∼3%, respectively. We provide explicit functional relationships describing the response of downward O3 velocity (Vdw,O3) to both near-surface dryness (RH) and HAMNC, accounting for processes missed by routine ground-based measurements that can lead to misinterpretation of O3 removal in the urban environment and beyond. Incorporating the RH-dependent limitation of Vdw,O3 into air-quality and climate models is critical, given that ∼40% of the global land surface is arid or semiarid.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot7610001, Israel.",
    "College of Environment and Climate, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou511443, China.",
    "Department of Computer Science, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem91160, Israel.",
    "School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan Province570228, China.",
    "Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming650500, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Choi",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1023-6589"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Yibo Huangfu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Erick Fredj"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Qian Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bin Yuan",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3041-0329"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaoxiao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xianjun He",
      "orcid": "0009-0000-1254-6770"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Huizhi Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Eran Tas",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1570-4241"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b4hbm73wtvyty.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acs.est.6c05093",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13648240",
  "id": "b4hbm73wtvyty",
  "issns": [
    "0013-936X",
    "1520-5851"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42917002",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1902|Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213982095",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13648240?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13648240",
  "pmid": "42917002",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b4hbm73wtvyty.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42917002",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42917002"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1902|Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols",
      "subfield": "atmospheric"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Limitation of O3 Dry Deposition by Elevated-Source NO Emissions and Surface Dryness in Urban Environments.",
  "title_text": "Limitation of O3 Dry Deposition by Elevated-Source NO Emissions and Surface Dryness in Urban Environments.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:36Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b4hbm73wtvyty",
  "venue": "Environmental science & technology",
  "versions": []
}