{
  "abstract": "Three-dimensional (3D) atomic-structure analysis is of central importance in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (STEM). STEM techniques to reconstruct 3D structure include tilt-series or defocus-series annular dark-field, best suited to heavier atomic species, and dynamical-scattering-model inversion applied to single-defocus four-dimensional (4D) STEM data, requiring computationally expensive post-experiment analysis. In this study, we propose a 3D-structure linear inversion (3D LINV) STEM algorithm, which enables a fast and direct reconstruction of 3D structures from a single-defocus 4D-STEM dataset. This method is based on solving linear equations relating the measured 4D-STEM data and the unknown 3D specimen potential under the thick weak phase object approximation. We show the capabilities of 3D LINV STEM through systematic 4D-STEM simulations across various observation parameters such as specimen thickness, partial coherence, and shot noise, and through an experimental demonstration of 3D structure reconstruction of a stacked freestanding membrane with atomic-scale lateral resolution and nanometre-scale depth resolution.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.15303",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Kousuke Ooe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yufan Shen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuichi Shimakawa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daisuke Kan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Scott D. Findlay"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b5546rwyg7m9e.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.15303",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b5546rwyg7m9e",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.15303",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cond-mat.mtrl-sci"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1315|Advanced Electron Microscopy Techniques and Applications"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221746956",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.15303",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-11",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b5546rwyg7m9e.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:06Z",
      "native_id": "2610.15303",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.15303"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:cond-mat.mtrl-sci",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Three-dimensional reconstruction of weakly scattering objects from single-defocus 4D-STEM data",
  "title_text": "Three-dimensional reconstruction of weakly scattering objects from single-defocus 4D-STEM data",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b5546rwyg7m9e",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}