{
  "abstract": "Oxidative stress contributes to fibroblast dysfunction in diabetic wounds. We evaluated a previously characterized glycine-rich peptide derived from Rhizopus oligosporus-fermented germinated Chenopodium formosanum (FGP) in male diabetic db/db mice and NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Topical FGP (20 or 100 ppm) was assessed by wound-area measurements and histology over 14 days, whereas fibroblasts exposed to 100 mM glucose were evaluated for viability, gap closure, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), type I collagen expression, and repair-associated proteins. On day 14, wound contraction reached 77.6% with 100 ppm FGP and was greater than in untreated wounds (p < 0.05). In fibroblasts, 50 and 100 ppm FGP reduced ROS by approximately 37% and 79%, increased type I collagen expression by approximately 80–90%, and reduced the p-p65 NF-κB/p65 NF-κB ratio by 38% and 48% and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio by 61% and 66%, respectively (p < 0.05). Both concentrations also improved gap closure, whereas VEGF expression increased significantly only at 50 ppm. Among the concentrations tested, 100 ppm showed the most consistent overall activity and is proposed as the preferred concentration for further preclinical evaluation, although formal dose optimization remains necessary. These findings support further investigation of FGP for diabetic wound repair, while tissue-level mechanisms and long-term outcomes remain to be established.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China",
    "Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan",
    "Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan",
    "Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan",
    "Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan",
    "Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan",
    "Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan",
    "School of Food Safety, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan",
    "School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan",
    "Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Chih-Yuan Ko",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5767-3041"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Kuan-Chen Cheng",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0387-7804"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yi-Ling Lin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4974-1120"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Shin-Ping Lin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3018-1864"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yi-Chen Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Chung-Hsin Wu",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4470-2448"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Yi-Ping Chuang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Ting-Hua Lai"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Chen-Wen Lu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Chen-Che Hsieh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Szu-Chuan Shen"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b59sb9y8dekvx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27219541",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b59sb9y8dekvx",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9541",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2742|Wound Healing and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223813126",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-25",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b59sb9y8dekvx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:57Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27219541",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/21/9541"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2742|Wound Healing and Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ameliorative Effect of a Chenopodium formosanum-Derived Peptide on Diabetic Wound Healing and Fibroblast Dysfunction",
  "title_text": "Ameliorative Effect of a Chenopodium formosanum-Derived Peptide on Diabetic Wound Healing and Fibroblast Dysfunction",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b59sb9y8dekvx",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}