{
  "abstract": "Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is a critical technology for the future of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, ensuring a stable power supply in such networks remains a significant challenge. This work introduces dynamic polarization control as an additional degree of freedom (DoF) in SWIPT systems. We propose a system where both the base station (BS) and the users can adjust their antenna polarization, a technique known as polarforming. In addition, each user device is capable of splitting the incident signal to perform simultaneous information decoding (ID) and energy harvesting (EH). The resulting non-convex optimization, with many coupled variables, is solved using a graph neural network (GNN) that learns the sub-optimal beamforming, polarization, and power-splitting variables. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed GNN-based dynamic polarforming optimization significantly outperforms fixed-polarization schemes, particularly under imperfect channel state information (CSI). Moreover, joint polarforming and GNN-based optimization maintain robust SWIPT performance under both polarization mismatch and imperfect CSI.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.14014",
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Hamed Aghaei-Karkaj"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kamran Ebrahimi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zahra Mehrzad"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohammad Robat Mili"
    },
    {
      "name": "Symeon Chatzinotas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ioannis Krikidis"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b6a3mzpvndq0b.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.14014",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b6a3mzpvndq0b",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14014",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "cs.IT"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "math.IT"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2208|Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213262909",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.14014",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b6a3mzpvndq0b.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:29Z",
      "native_id": "2609.14014",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.14014"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "mathematics",
      "origin": "arxiv:math.IT",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Polarforming-Enabled Power-Splitting SWIPT: A GNN-Based Optimization Approach",
  "title_text": "Polarforming-Enabled Power-Splitting SWIPT: A GNN-Based Optimization Approach",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:29Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b6a3mzpvndq0b",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}