{
  "abstract": "Phlebitis is a frequent complication of peripheral intravenous catheters, leading to patient discomfort, inflammation, antibiotic use, and prolonged hospitalization. A multi-component Phlebitis Prevention Toolkit was developed to support healthcare workers in reducing phlebitis incidence. The Toolkit - comprising an infographic, digital newsletter, nurse training, and a standardized protocol - was implemented in four Dutch hospitals (2024-2025). Each hospital prospectively collected data on catheter characteristics, insertion site observations, and phlebitis occurrence during a 2-month pre-implementation period and a 2.5-month postimplementation period. The primary outcome was the change in phlebitis incidence. Phlebitis incidence decreased from 7.3% (84/1144) to 4.9% (48/976) (P = 0.02). A significant reduction was observed in one site, while site-level changes varied across hospitals. Phlebitis was more frequent when insertion sites were not visible (10.4% vs. 5.4%; relative risk [RR]: 1.92; P < 0.001) and when dressings were soiled, wet, or loose (20.4% vs. 3.2%; RR: 6.45; P < 0.001). Longer catheter dwell time was associated with progressively higher phlebitis incidence. Implementation of a simple, multi-component toolkit was associated with a reduction in phlebitis incidence and highlights the importance of insertion site visibility, dressing integrity, and timely catheter removal for safer peripheral intravenous care.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Infection Control, Slingeland Hospital, Doetinchem, The Netherlands.",
    "Unit of Infection Prevention and Control, Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Infection Control, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Infection Control, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.",
    "Department of Infection Control, Maasziekenhuis Pantein, Beugen, The Netherlands.",
    "GAIN, Gelders Antimicrobiële resistentie en Infectiepreventie Netwerk, The Netherlands."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fleur Hallers-Jentink"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Manon Tingen-Wieland"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Caeleste Welling"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ellen Otter-Reefman"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Frans Loeffen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Alma Tostmann"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Guido J H Bastiaens"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b6t1pq0ddma0d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.infpip.2026.100607",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743951",
  "id": "b6t1pq0ddma0d",
  "issns": [
    "2590-0889"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999775",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2706|Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220699926",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13743951?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13743951",
  "pmid": "42999775",
  "published": "2026-10-06",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b6t1pq0ddma0d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42999775",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42999775"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2706|Central Venous Catheters and Hemodialysis",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Reducing peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis: a multi-centre multi-component toolkit implementation study.",
  "title_text": "Reducing peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis: a multi-centre multi-component toolkit implementation study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-09T15:20:41Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b6t1pq0ddma0d",
  "venue": "Infection prevention in practice",
  "versions": []
}