{
  "abstract": "Background: Adults living with HIV may have persistent immune activation and low-grade inflammation despite effective antiretroviral therapy. We assessed whether resistance training or resistance-containing combined exercise alters inflammatory biomarkers or T-cell counts versus non-exercise control.\n\nMethods: Six databases were searched to 1 June 2026 without language restrictions. Controlled intervention studies lasting at least four weeks were eligible. Screening and extraction were performed independently in duplicate. Inflammatory outcomes were expressed as Hedges’ g; final-value SMDs were primary and change-score SMDs were analyzed separately, with one-trial strata reported individually. CD4+ T-cell count was pooled as a mean difference. Random-effects models used restricted maximum likelihood and Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman intervals. RoB 2 or ROBINS-I and GRADE were applied.\n\nResults: Fifteen trials (18 reports) were included; 13 contributed quantitative data. All primary final-value confidence intervals included no effect: interleukin-6, −0.19 (95% CI −1.14 to 0.76; k = 4); tumor necrosis factor alpha, 0.07 (−1.44 to 1.57; k = 3); C-reactive protein, −0.02 (−1.46 to 1.41; k = 3); interleukin-1 beta, −0.47 (−10.09 to 9.15; k = 2); and interleukin-10, 0.04 (−11.37 to 11.46; k = 2). Interleukin-8 was reported by one final-value trial, −0.63 (−1.39 to 0.12), and was not pooled. Separate change-score analyses were also inconclusive except for one unpooled C-reactive protein trial. The pooled estimate for CD4+ T-cell count favored exercise by 124.2 cells/mm ³ (54.6 to 193.7; k = 7), but the prediction interval crossed no effect. Certainty was very low.\n\nConclusion: The effects of resistance-containing exercise on inflammatory biomarkers remain undetermined. The CD4+ estimate suggests a possible increase, but confidence is very limited because the evidence is sparse, heterogeneous, at risk of bias, and its prediction interval includes no effect. Larger trials with well-defined comparators and complete contrast-form reporting are needed.\n\nSystematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261425700 , identifier CRD420261425700.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physical Education, Kunsan National University"
  ],
  "article_type": "systematic review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiayi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yafei Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhentao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zikun Lyu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jingshi Ma"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b76r0pdce0dh5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1949799",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683185",
  "id": "b76r0pdce0dh5",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1949799/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2711|HIV-related health complications and treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220868192",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683185?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13683185",
  "pmid": "42908849",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b76r0pdce0dh5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:15Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1949799",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1949799/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42908849",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908849"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "issn:1664-3224",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Resistance-containing exercise versus non-exercise control for inflammatory markers and T-cell counts in adults living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
  "title_text": "Resistance-containing exercise versus non-exercise control for inflammatory markers and T-cell counts in adults living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b76r0pdce0dh5",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}