{
  "abstract": "Objective: To evaluate gender differences in pre-surgical motivations, expectations, functional and psychosocial evaluations, and treatment process perceptions among adult patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion undergoing orthodontic preparation for orthognathic surgery. Methods: In this single-center, cross-sectional study, 81 adults (37 females, 44 males) with skeletal Class III malocclusion completed a 27-item investigator-developed questionnaire during pre-surgical orthodontic preparation, covering demographics, problem awareness, functional and psychosocial evaluations, motivation and expectations, treatment process, and patient engagement. Gender differences were analyzed item by item with Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, or Fisher’s exact tests. P-values for the 37 comparisons were adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) procedure within questionnaire domains, and effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Because the a priori sample size calculation did not address between-gender comparisons, these were treated as exploratory. Results: Seven differences met the unadjusted threshold (p < 0.05), of which three remained significant after within-domain FDR correction: females reported greater lack of self-confidence in social environments (q = 0.044), and males reported more adequate information from their orthodontist (q = 0.018) and higher pre-operative treatment satisfaction (q = 0.019), with moderate effect sizes (rank-biserial |r| = 0.30–0.35). The other four, all reported more often by females (eating difficulty, food avoidance, temporomandibular joint problems, and lack of confidence when photographed), were nominally significant only (unadjusted p = 0.013–0.043). No difference survived correction across all 37 comparisons. For the other items no significant differences were detected, but confidence intervals did not exclude small-to-moderate differences. Conclusions: Gender differences in social self-confidence, perceived information adequacy, and pre-operative satisfaction were the strongest exploratory findings. Because the study was not powered for gender comparisons, non-significant results do not indicate that the genders are similar. These exploratory findings warrant confirmation in adequately powered multi-center, longitudinal studies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Kent University, Istanbul, Turkey",
    "Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gizem Altundal"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Asuman Deniz Gümrü Celikel"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gülnaz Marsan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7bwby66dw3se.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0362253",
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  "id": "b7bwby66dw3se",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362253",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Anatomy/Head/Face"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Physiological processes/Eating"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Physiological processes/Respiration/Breathing"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Head/Face"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Health care/Psychological and psychosocial issues"
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    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Nutrition/Diet/Food"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Oral medicine/Orthodontics"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Surgical and invasive medical procedures"
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  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7bwby66dw3se.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:20:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0362253",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362253"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:nutrition",
      "subfield": "nutrition"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Gender differences in pre-surgical motivations, expectations, and patient-reported outcomes in Class III orthognathic surgery patients: An item-level analysis",
  "title_text": "Gender differences in pre-surgical motivations, expectations, and patient-reported outcomes in Class III orthognathic surgery patients: An item-level analysis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:20:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7bwby66dw3se",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}