{
  "abstract": "Background and objectives To better understand the immune alterations resulting from HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy, we analysed various markers of immunosenescence and immune dysregulation in HIV-1-infected individuals on prolonged combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) (HIV+ART+), treatment-naïve HIV+ individuals (HIV+ART-), and HIV-negative healthy controls (HCs). Methods Multicolour flow cytometric analysis was performed to assess levels of immune activation, T cell differentiation, immunosenescence, immune exhaustion, and regulation using surface immune phenotyping and intracellular staining assays with a FACS Aria III SORP flow cytometer (Beckton Dickinson). The study groups were compared and correlated using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Spearman correlation test. Results We observed significant immunological perturbations in immune activation, cellular differentiation, immunosenescence, and exhaustion in CD8 T cells from HIV+ART+ (n=68) compared with HIV+ART- (n=19) and HC (n=57) groups. The proportion of immunosenescent T cells (CD8⁺CD28⁻CD57⁺KLRG1⁺) was lower in the ART+ group [23% (6-80)] than in the ART- group [28% (4-52)]. Telomere length was significantly (P<0.005) shorter in the ART+ group compared with the HC group. We also observed an inverse relationship (r=-0.27) between levels of immunosenescence and telomere length. Interpretation and conclusions Our study demonstrates substantial immunological perturbations associated with immunosenescence and dysregulated immune response in the HIV+ART- group, compared with the HIV+ART+ group, which maintained a stable immunological status characterised by reduced frequencies of senescent T cells and increased telomere length. This suggests that prolonged and effective treatment might contribute to deceleration of ageing, resulting in healthy longevity.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Virology & Biotechnology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.",
    "School of Life Sciences, BSA Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.",
    "Department of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Bacterial Infections, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.",
    "Division of Statistics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.",
    "Y.R. Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "A Nusrath Unissa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "A Madheswaran"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "A Inbanathan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M Malathi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "M Vasantha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "M Kannan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "S Mangayarkarasi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "R Senthilnathan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "V Elamathi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Amrose Pradeep"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "K G Murugavel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "T R Dinesha"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "L E Hanna"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7vaayq9m1v5y.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.25259/ijmr_1597_2025",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13650842",
  "id": "b7vaayq9m1v5y",
  "issns": [
    "0971-5916"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42851231",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-SA",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|HIV Research and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213354153",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13650842?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13650842",
  "pmid": "42851231",
  "published": "2026-08-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7vaayq9m1v5y.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42851231",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42851231"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2406|HIV Research and Treatment",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Immunosenescence and immune dysfunction in treated and untreated HIV-infected individuals.",
  "title_text": "Immunosenescence and immune dysfunction in treated and untreated HIV-infected individuals.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:10Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7vaayq9m1v5y",
  "venue": "The Indian journal of medical research",
  "versions": []
}