{
  "abstract": "We present a unified cosmic history in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics (NED), from the Big\n\nBang to the present. The universe starts at t = 0 with R = 2ℓp and mass M0 ≈ 5.6×10−69 kg,\n\nwhose rest energy is M0c\n\n2 ≈ 5.0 × 10−52 J, comparable to the universal energy unit µ. The\n\nuniverse is initially an energy body with energy µ. Self-repulsion F0 = 7Mpc\n\n2/(2ℓp) drives\n\na brief, extremely energetic acceleration:\n\na(0) ≈ 1.5 × 10113 m/s\n\n2\n\n, ta=0 ≈ 1.68 × 10−74 s, R˙(ta=0) ≈ 4.3 × 1030c.\n\nAs the universe expands, the coupling parameter D increases, and the mass increases as\n\nM ∝ R2\n\n. When mass generation becomes dominant, F0 = M′R˙\n\n, the acceleration becomes\n\nzero, and the universe transitions to decelerating expansion. At D =\n\n√\n\nDnow, the mass\n\nreaches the Planck mass:\n\nM = Mp at R ≈ 6.4 × 10−5 m, t ≈ 4.7 × 10−29 s.\n\nThis is the beginning of Planck particle formation, in the early radiation era. We present a\n\ntable of R, M, and D at each stage: Big Bang, reheating, Planck particle formation, and\n\nthe present.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 1,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "takashi ueda"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7vcftqkj5bny.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.23591007",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b7vcftqkj5bny",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23591007",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://zenodo.org/api/records/23591007/files/%E5%AE%87%E5%AE%99%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%20(1).pdf/content",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7vcftqkj5bny.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:21:43Z",
      "native_id": "23591007",
      "source": "zenodo",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/23591007"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [],
  "title": "Cosmic History from the Big Bang to the Present in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics: Energy Body, Rapid Expansion, Mass Generation, Deceleration, and Planck Particle Formation",
  "title_text": "Cosmic History from the Big Bang to the Present in Non-Equilibrium Dynamics: Energy Body, Rapid Expansion, Mass Generation, Deceleration, and Planck Particle Formation",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:21:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b7vcftqkj5bny",
  "venue": "Zenodo",
  "versions": []
}