{
  "abstract": "Background: Tendinopathy is frequently associated with chronic inflammation driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Among these, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) serves as a central mediator of tendon degradation, yet its genome-scale transcriptional and epigenetic consequences in tenocytes remain incompletely characterized.\n\nMethods: We profiled the transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility landscapes of control and IL-1β-treated primary rat tenocytes using RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, respectively. Differential expression and accessibility analyses, region-associated differentially expressed gene (RAD) analysis, gene functional enrichment analysis, and transcription factor motif enrichment analysis were performed to delineate the regulatory mechanisms underlying IL-1β-induced cellular response.\n\nResults: IL-1β elicited a profound transcriptional alteration, with 1, 468 differentially expressed genes (811 upregulated and 657 downregulated). Upregulated genes were enriched for immune and inflammatory response pathways, whereas downregulated genes encompassed tendon-specific matrix programs and broader mesenchymal developmental pathways. Concordantly, ATAC-seq revealed 15, 257 differentially accessible regions, with a striking asymmetry toward increased accessibility under IL-1β treatment. Integrative analysis revealed a potential association between chromatin remodeling and transcriptional alterations. Motif enrichment within IL-1β-high accessible regions (IL-1β-HARs) identified C/EBP and NF-κB family members as candidate regulators of inflammatory gene activation, while control-HARs (Ctrl-HARs) harbored motifs for homeostatic transcription factors.\n\nConclusions: These findings demonstrate that IL-1β affects tenocyte homeostasis by simultaneously activates inflammatory gene programs and suppresses tendon-associated expression through coordinated transcriptional and epigenetic remodeling. The transcription factor regulatory elements identified here provide a mechanistic hint for future investigation, and we hypothesize that targeting these elements may offer a potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory tendon disorders, while this possibility remains to be tested experimentally.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou First People’s Hospital (Taizhou University Affiliated First People’s Hospital), School of Medicine, Taizhou University",
    "School of Medicine, Taizhou University"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Wenyan Zhou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xiaonan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Junxin Lin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zaixing Yang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b8sy3c0cy644j.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1940588",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13724476/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "b8sy3c0cy644j",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1940588/full",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2732|Tendon Structure and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222933994",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1940588/pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13724476",
  "pmid": "42973683",
  "published": "2026-10-19",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b8sy3c0cy644j.ris",
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:17Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1940588",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1940588/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T15:20:51Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13724476",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13724476"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T12:23:02Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13724476",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1940588"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-04T15:20:48Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42973683",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42973683"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2732|Tendon Structure and Treatment",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Multi-omics analysis reveals coordinated transcriptional and epigenetic remodeling of tenocytes under IL-1β-driven inflammatory stimulation",
  "title_text": "Multi-omics analysis reveals coordinated transcriptional and epigenetic remodeling of tenocytes under IL-1β-driven inflammatory stimulation",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T12:20:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b8sy3c0cy644j",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}