{
  "abstract": "Context: Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) may increase vertebral fracture risk through deterioration in bone structure and/or tissue properties, compromising bone strength.\n\nObjective: Evaluate the relationship between CMD and vertebral bone measures.\n\nDesign: Cross-sectional.\n\nParticipants: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study participants with year 25 (2010-2011) abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans (n = 2728).\n\nExposure: CMD (abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or hypertension) status (≥1 vs 0) and burden (0, 1, 2, ≥3).\n\nOutcome Measure(s): Vertebral strength, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and bone mass, obtained via biomechanical CT analysis.\n\nMethods: Multivariable linear regression evaluated the association between CMD and vertebral bone measures. Sex-specific models were adjusted for age, race, height, weight, and additional social determinants of health, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Effect modification by race, age, and menopausal status was evaluated.\n\nResults: Overall, at least 1 CMD was identified in 72.3% of men and 70.5% of women. In the fully adjusted model, CMD status was significantly associated with lower total (β = −6.32 mg/cm3; P = .018), trabecular (β = −4.53 mg/cm3; P = .048), and cortical (β = −6.63 mg/cm3; P = .034) vBMD in men. Greater CMD burden was associated with lower total and trabecular vBMD. The negative association between CMD and vBMD was stronger in men ≤50 years. There was no association in women.\n\nConclusion: In this biracial cohort of Black and White adults from the United States, CMD was associated with significantly lower total and subcompartment vertebral vBMD in men.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Nicole C Wright",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8414-4842"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rafeka Hossain"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mary L Bouxsein",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7027-7414"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tony M Keaveny"
    },
    {
      "name": "David C Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gerhard Hellemann",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2449-7704"
    },
    {
      "name": "John Jeffrey Carr",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4398-8237"
    },
    {
      "name": "James G Terry",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6659-3441"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amy H Warriner",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2827-4436"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cora E Lewis"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b90es75fd7zmp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1210/jendso/bvag193",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13696833/",
  "id": "b90es75fd7zmp",
  "issns": [
    "2472-1972"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvag193",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/MED00250"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Clinical Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Jes/2"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2732|Bone health and osteoporosis research"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223665111",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13696833?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13696833",
  "pmid": "42936172",
  "published": "2026-10-26",
  "publisher": "The Endocrine Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b90es75fd7zmp.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:07Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13696833",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvag193"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:12Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42936172",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42936172"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2732|Bone health and osteoporosis research",
      "subfield": "surgery"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The relationship between cardiometabolic disease and vertebral bone strength, mineral density, and mass in US adults",
  "title_text": "The relationship between cardiometabolic disease and vertebral bone strength, mineral density, and mass in US adults",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b90es75fd7zmp",
  "venue": "Journal of the Endocrine Society",
  "versions": []
}