{
  "abstract": "Regulatory T cell (Treg) therapy is a candidate strategy for improving donor-specific immune regulation after heart transplantation and, in the long term, may reduce reliance on lifelong immunosuppression. This Review separates mechanistic and preclinical evidence from human case observations, prospective clinical-trial protocols, manufacturing studies, and translational hypotheses. We summarize pathways that support Treg function in experimental transplantation and evaluate context-dependent outputs, including amphiregulin and CXCL15-related signaling, as potential safety signals rather than validated clinical biomarkers. We then compare peripheral-blood-derived and thymus-derived Treg-cell preparations, focusing on source material, manufacturing, cryopreservation, cell identity and potency, and infusion timing. Human evidence for Thy-Tregs in heart transplantation includes one fully reported index case and preliminary, incompletely reported data on the first four THYTECH recipients. ATT-Heart provides a prospective phase I evaluation framework. Finally, we assess allogeneic Thy-Treg banks, thymic organoids, and thymic transplantation as exploratory routes for adult recipients. The central translational question is whether a defined Treg-cell therapy can persist, remain functionally stable, and be monitored safely in the inflammatory environment of cardiac transplantation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Mini Review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Gong Zhaotong"
    },
    {
      "name": "Liu Yizhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Li Linke"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b9yq60w1bj6p9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977203",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "b9yq60w1bj6p9",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977203",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "biology/immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-02",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b9yq60w1bj6p9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:20:45Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977203",
      "source": "feed-frontiers",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977203"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T00:24:31Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977203",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1977203/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "feed-journal:biology/immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Regulatory T cell therapy and immune tolerance in heart transplantation: a translational evidence framework for regulatory T cells-cell characterization and recipient-graft monitoring",
  "title_text": "Regulatory T cell therapy and immune tolerance in heart transplantation: a translational evidence framework for regulatory T cells-cell characterization and recipient-graft monitoring",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-04T00:25:32Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/b9yq60w1bj6p9",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}