{
  "abstract": "Obesity is a pandemic with limited therapeutic options. Recent pharmacotherapies are constrained by tolerability, durability, accessibility, and incomplete resolution of adipose tissue dysfunction. Plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (ELNs) provide a natural nanoscale therapeutic platform. However, their anti-obesity effects and underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. In the present study, we investigated whether ELNs from Platycodon grandiflorus roots (P-ELNs) can mitigate obesity. P-ELNs were isolated, characterized and evaluated in high-fat diet-induced and genetic (db/db) obesity models. Analyses integrating transcriptomic profiling and metabolic flux assessment were performed to define the P-ELN-induced adipose remodeling program. Treatment with P-ELNs significantly attenuated body weight gain and reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) mass in obese mice without inducing systemic, hepatic or renal toxicity. Mechanistically, P-ELNs enhanced non-shivering thermogenesis in inguinal WAT through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent remodeling toward a glycolytic beige fat state characterized by the coordinated activation of myogenic and glycolytic gene programs. Collectively, P-ELNs represent a safe and effective nanotherapeutic strategy to combat obesity through AMPK-dependent glycolytic beige fat remodeling. Therefore, P-ELNs are a first-in-class nanotherapeutic that induce this unique beige fat subtype, providing a novel strategy to treat obesity and related metabolic disorders.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Microbiology and Sarcopenia Total Solution Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea",
    "College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea",
    "Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea",
    "Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea",
    "NeuroGlymph Imaging and Modulation Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea",
    "State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China",
    "Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571101, China",
    "Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA",
    "Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA",
    "Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 29,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hye-Lin Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Harim Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Yohan Han"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Suhyeon An"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mina Boo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hyunyoung Choi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ji In Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Hyunwoo Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "HyunSoo Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jae Heon Sim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Dokyoung Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Kwan-Il Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Seunghoon Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Woojin Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ji Hoon Jung"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jungbin Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "In-Seon Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Dong-Hyun Youn"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Ki-Sun Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Ke-Wu Zeng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Wei Huang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jae-Young Um"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Seong-Gyu Ko"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Rodrigo W. Alves de Souza"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        11
      ],
      "name": "Duo Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Carl J. Hauser"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jinbong Park"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Leo E. Otterbein"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        12
      ],
      "name": "Hyo In Kim"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bawf24yw8bcf5.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.ajps.2026.101198",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13720142/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "bawf24yw8bcf5",
  "issns": [
    "1818-0876",
    "2221-285X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13720142",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7211908543",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13720142/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13720142",
  "pmid": "42964541",
  "published": "2026-09-07",
  "publisher": "Shenyang Pharmaceutical University",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bawf24yw8bcf5.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:21:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13720142",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13720142"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:23:59Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13720142",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2026.101198"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Platycodon grandiflorus-derived exosome-like nanovesicles drive AMPK-dependent glycolytic beige remodeling to ameliorate obesity",
  "title_text": "Platycodon grandiflorus-derived exosome-like nanovesicles drive AMPK-dependent glycolytic beige remodeling to ameliorate obesity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-03T12:21:05Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bawf24yw8bcf5",
  "venue": "Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences",
  "versions": []
}