{
  "abstract": "Three-dimensional imaging of live Caenorhabditis elegans commonly relies on sequential z-stack acquisition, which can be slow and susceptible to movement and photobleaching. Here, we used light-field microscopy to capture dye and delivery-dependent fluorescence patterns across intact adult worms in a single exposure per channel. With a 40x/1.20 NA water-immersion objective, each reconstructed dataset contained 121 axial slices spanning 109 {micro}m at 0.91 {micro}m spacing. In a representative adult, nematode signal extended from 40.88 to 85.4 {micro}m, corresponding to approximately 44.5 {micro}m of captured axial depth without sequential z scanning. Three fluorescence channels were acquired with a summed exposure time of 112 ms across a 685 x 1010 {micro}m field of view. FM1-43 labelled intestinal, cuticular and vesicular structures, FM4-64 highlighted ingested bacteria and intestinal compartments, and Nile Red revealed vesicular and broader whole-organism fluorescence. Intrinsic blue and green autofluorescence signals were also resolved. These observations demonstrate rapid single-shot acquisition of whole-organism three-dimensional fluorescence information and show how delivery route influences the spatial distribution of commonly used fluorescent probes in C. elegans.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK"
  ],
  "article_type": "New results",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "R. Markus"
    },
    {
      "name": "E. Rea"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. A. Berfi"
    },
    {
      "name": "V. Taresco"
    },
    {
      "name": "C. Hudson"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. R. A. White"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "V. M. Chauhan"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bb4mzpvrm4jbq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.09.07.749827",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.749827v1.full",
  "id": "bb4mzpvrm4jbq",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.749827v1",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "biorxiv",
      "biophysics"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1304|Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212139109",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.749827v1.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bb4mzpvrm4jbq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:04Z",
      "native_id": "10.64898/2026.09.07.749827",
      "source": "biorxiv",
      "url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.07.749827v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "biorxiv:biophysics",
      "subfield": "biophysics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Single-shot light-field microscopy captures delivery-dependent dye and autofluorescence patterns in Caenorhabditis elegans",
  "title_text": "Single-shot light-field microscopy captures delivery-dependent dye and autofluorescence patterns in Caenorhabditis elegans",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bb4mzpvrm4jbq",
  "venue": "bioRxiv",
  "versions": []
}