{
  "abstract": "Ambient PM 2.5 exposure remains a major global health challenge. While pollution has declined in developed economies, it has increased in developing regions, exacerbating cross-country inequalities. Within-country disparities have narrowed in some contexts but remain significant. This study assesses how these inequalities evolve under alternative decarbonization futures, co-designed with stakeholders and aligned with current climate policy. Using an integrated assessment and air quality modelling framework, we find that international inequality in mortality burden widens over time even as income inequality across countries narrows, and that a country’s emission contribution is only moderately associated with its own exposure burden, driven more by aggregate scale than per-capita intensity. Within countries, wealthier deciles disproportionately drive emissions, but the contribution-exposure relationship shows no consistent direction, and exposure inequality itself varies enormously by country independent of income. These findings call for climate policies explicitly integrated with air quality, health, and equity objectives, tailored to where responsibility and impact diverge across scales.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country",
    "Basque Foundation for Science",
    "CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública",
    "Joint Research Centre (JRC)",
    "University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jon Sampedro",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2277-1530"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Clàudia Rodés-Bachs",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6696-7685"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dirk-Jan Van de Ven",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9120-564X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Cathryn Tonne"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Claudio Belis",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1285-8322"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sara Ciarlantini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Mikel Gonzalez-Eguino"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbcr7y8t6055d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1088/1748-9326/aea9ad",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bbcr7y8t6055d",
  "issns": [
    "1748-9326"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aea9ad",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "earth/environmental-science"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aea9ad/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "IOP Publishing",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbcr7y8t6055d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:20:20Z",
      "native_id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aea9ad",
      "source": "feed-iop",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aea9ad"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-03T12:21:45Z",
      "native_id": "10.1088/1748-9326/aea9ad",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aea9ad"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "feed-journal:earth/environmental-science",
      "subfield": "environmental-science"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Evaluating inter- and intra-regional air pollution inequalities in a decarbonized world",
  "title_text": "Evaluating inter- and intra-regional air pollution inequalities in a decarbonized world",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T00:21:17Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbcr7y8t6055d",
  "venue": "Environmental Research Letters",
  "versions": []
}