{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nMixed-grade glioma surgical cohorts exhibit highly variable low-grade glioma (LGG) proportions across studies. This meta-analysis quantifies pooled LGG proportions to provide cohort-level epidemiological benchmarks for researchers, with applications in clinical trial design, health economics, and institutional benchmarking.Methods\n\nA single-arm meta-analysis of 191 cohort studies (25,847 patients) with Grade II numerators and denominators from Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus (PRISMA 2020) used Freeman-Tukey random-effects synthesis with Cochrane risk-of-bias assessments; subgroup analyses examined study design, geography, era, molecular specificity, and interventions; sensitivity analyses tested robustness.Results\n\nThe pooled LGG proportion was 57% (95% CI: 52%-61%; I²=99%; n=191). Mixed LGG/high-grade gliomas (HGG) cohorts showed 41% (32%-50%; 45 studies, 6,847 patients) versus 82% (77%-88%) in pure WHO Grade II cohorts (25 studies). Surgery-only cohorts demonstrated 46% (33%-59%) versus 86% (74%-98%) with targeted therapies, and 93% (90%-96%) in randomized controlled trials. Sensitivity analyses confirmed stability (50%-62%).Conclusion\n\nIn mixed-grade glioma cohorts, an LGG proportion approaching 60% may serve as a cohort-level epidemiological reference for understanding the historical grade composition of mixed surgical series. This meta-analysis primary value lies in applications such as clinical trial design, health economics and epidemiological modeling, and institutional benchmarking.Systematic review registration\n\nhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261323907.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "systematic review",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shenao Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yawen Zheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yinjiao Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lang Chen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Tianjun Song"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Haiyan Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aihong Cao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Peng Du"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbdrgyhwaz95d.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fonc.2026.1888445",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683068",
  "id": "bbdrgyhwaz95d",
  "issns": [
    "2234-943X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908559",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2716|Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220843716",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683068?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13683068",
  "pmid": "42908559",
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbdrgyhwaz95d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42908559",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908559"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:13Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fonc.2026.1888445",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2026.1888445/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2716|Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment",
      "subfield": "human-genetics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Cohort-level proportions of low-grade glioma (WHO grades I-II) in mixed glioma cohorts: a single-arm meta-analysis for epidemiological benchmarking and clinical trial design.",
  "title_text": "Cohort-level proportions of low-grade glioma (WHO grades I-II) in mixed glioma cohorts: a single-arm meta-analysis for epidemiological benchmarking and clinical trial design.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:13Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbdrgyhwaz95d",
  "venue": "Frontiers in oncology",
  "versions": []
}