{
  "abstract": "Metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent among people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and is driven by persistent low-grade inflammation. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) polymorphisms may influence inflammatory pathways underlying MS. This study investigated the association of the rs11549465 HIF-1α polymorphism with inflammatory markers and MS in PLWH receiving ART. We conducted a multicenter case-control study including 116 PLWH treated at two University Clinical Centers in Serbia. Participants were classified according to NCEP ATP III criteria. Genotyping was performed by Real-Time PCR using TaqMan assays. C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in participants with MS (p < 0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated their potential as biomarkers of MS with cut-off values of 1.85 mg/L for CRP and 2.49 g/L for fibrinogen. Age significantly correlated with CRP and Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). Elevated CRP and fibrinogen levels were associated with hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, and other MS-abnormalities (p < 0.05). The HIF-1α rs11549465 CT + TT genotype was associated with higher IL-6 levels among participants with MS (p = 0.026). CRP and fibrinogen may complement existing MS criteria in identifying PLWH at increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. These findings highlight the role of chronic inflammation and genetic variability in metabolic complications of HIV.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia",
    "Clinic for Infectious Diseases, University Clinical Centre Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia",
    "Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia",
    "Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 10,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nemanja Đorđević"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jovan Ranin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Ivana Gmizić"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Biljana Ljujić"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Marko Marković"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ivan Rajković"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jovana Ranin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ivana Raković"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sofija Sekulić Marković"
    },
    {
      "name": "Biljana Popovska Jovičić"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbkhkae7wejxk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0357899",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bbkhkae7wejxk",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357899",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2711|HIV-related health complications and treatments"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Biomarkers"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Glycobiology/Glycoproteins/Fibrinogen"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Lipids/Cholesterol"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Biochemistry/Proteins/C-reactive proteins"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Vaccination and immunization/Antiviral therapy/Antiretroviral therapy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
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    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Clinical medicine/Signs and symptoms/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Immune response/Inflammation"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Vaccination and immunization/Antiviral therapy/Antiretroviral therapy"
    ],
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Viral diseases/HIV infections"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Immunodeficiency viruses/HIV"
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    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Retroviruses/Lentivirus/HIV"
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      "/Medicine and health sciences/Public and occupational health/Preventive medicine/Vaccination and immunization/Antiviral therapy/Antiretroviral therapy"
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  "openalex": "W7211931251",
  "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0357899&type=printable",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-08",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbkhkae7wejxk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0357899",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0357899"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
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    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:microbiology",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
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  ],
  "title": "Beyond traditional criteria: CRP and fibrinogen as biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in ART-treated people living with HIV and their association with HIF-1α rs11549465",
  "title_text": "Beyond traditional criteria: CRP and fibrinogen as biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in ART-treated people living with HIV and their association with HIF-1α rs11549465",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bbkhkae7wejxk",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}