{
  "abstract": "Background: University teachers’ occupational wellbeing and emotional exhaustion are relevant occupational-health concerns in higher education. As generative artificial intelligence becomes embedded in teaching work, AI acceptance may represent a perceived, context-specific appraisal of whether AI is usable for intercultural teaching tasks. This study developed a preliminary measure of AI acceptance for intercultural teaching and examined its cross-sectional associations with teacher resources and occupational-health indicators.\n\nMethods: This two-sample cross-sectional study used Sample A to examine the empirical behavior of the AI Acceptance for Intercultural Teaching Scale and Sample B to test measurement validity and occupational health associations. IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1 was used for descriptive statistics, EFA, Cronbach’s alpha, correlations, and regression analyses. CFA and SEM were conducted in R 4.6.1 (lavaan 0.6.21, lavaan.mi 0.1.0, and mice 3.19.0) using robust maximum likelihood (MLR) estimation; CR and AVE were calculated from standardized CFA loadings, and HTMT from item correlations. Hypothesis tests used non-imputed scale-score regressions; multiple imputation (mice, m = 5) with D2-pooled CFA/SEM model tests served as sensitivity analysis, and indirect-association bootstrap intervals were sensitivity summaries rather than formal D2-pooled tests.\n\nResults: The AITA items were suitable for factor analysis in Sample A (KMO = 0.940), but the exploratory loading pattern did not cleanly reproduce the theorized four TAM-based dimensions. In Sample B, the overall AITA score showed good internal consistency (alpha = 0.858), whereas the four subdimensions showed substantial overlap and weaker reliability and convergent-validity evidence. AI acceptance was positively associated with intercultural teaching self-efficacy and autonomous teaching motivation. Self-efficacy was associated with both occupational wellbeing and lower emotional exhaustion, whereas autonomous motivation was associated primarily with occupational wellbeing. Direct associations between AI acceptance and the occupational-health outcomes were not significant.\n\nConclusion: The present findings provide preliminary evidence for using the overall AITA score as a context-specific measure of AI acceptance in intercultural teaching. The results also show cross-sectional associations between AI acceptance and teacher-resource variables, but they do not establish causal effects, mediation, or intervention effectiveness. The four TAM-based dimensions should be treated as provisional content facets requiring further validation.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Educational Foundations and Humanities, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 3,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qi Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ramzy Mohammad Ismath"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abd Razak Bin Zakaria"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bc18kve4v7jt9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1986187",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bc18kve4v7jt9",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1986187/full",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1710|Artificial Intelligence in Education"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224093010",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1986187/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-28",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bc18kve4v7jt9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:24Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1986187",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1986187/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "issn:2296-2565",
      "subfield": "epidemiology-public-health"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Development and preliminary validation of an AI acceptance scale for intercultural teaching and its cross-sectional associations with university teachers’ occupational wellbeing",
  "title_text": "Development and preliminary validation of an AI acceptance scale for intercultural teaching and its cross-sectional associations with university teachers’ occupational wellbeing",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bc18kve4v7jt9",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Public Health",
  "versions": []
}