{
  "abstract": "Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by motor impairments and altered whole-body coordination. Objective and accessible approaches for quantifying inter-limb and cross-directional coupling during gait remain limited in clinical settings. Using a prospectively collected dataset of individuals with PD and healthy controls (HC), we propose a comprehensive analytical framework based on human pose estimation to extract time-series kinematic signals from key body landmarks. Coupling strengths between body segments were quantified to characterize whole-body coordination patterns. Statistical filtering identified discriminative body coupling factors that significantly differentiated PD from HC. The identified factors demonstrated clear and consistent alterations in coordination patterns across groups. Furthermore, multiple machine learning classifiers validated their discriminative capacity, achieving robust classification performance. Correlation analyses between the top 10 pre-specified directional body coupling factors and MDS-UPDRS III scores demonstrated modest but statistically significant associations in the full PD cohort (n = 121), with 8 of 10 factors surviving FDR correction (ρ=0.27–0.31). These associations suggest that directional body coupling metrics capture clinically relevant variation in motor impairment severity beyond binary PD versus HC discrimination and may serve as potential digital biomarkers of PD-related motor dysfunction. Subtype-stratified analyses were conducted only as exploratory supplementary analyses, and larger, more balanced subtype cohorts are required before subtype-specific conclusions can be drawn. Overall, body coupling metrics provide reliable biomechanical markers of PD-related gait impairment and support the clinical potential of this non-invasive and cost-effective pipeline for early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Biomedical and Robotics Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Neurology, Seoul Metropolitan Government–Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Arifa Zahir"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jaehong Yu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jin-Sun Jun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kiwon Park",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3188-000X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Ryul Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hyundoo Jeong",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5641-8620"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bcccrdr1d256c.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361959",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13734472/",
  "id": "bcccrdr1d256c",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361959",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Anatomy"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Artificial Intelligence"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biochemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biological Locomotion"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biology and Life Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Biomarkers"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Body Limbs"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Cognitive Impairment"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Cognitive Neurology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Cognitive Neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Cognitive Science"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
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    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Dopaminergics"
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      "heading",
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      "heading",
      "Machine Learning"
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      "heading",
      "Medical Conditions"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Medicine and Health Sciences"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Movement Disorders"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Neurochemicals"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Neurochemistry"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Neurodegenerative Diseases"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Neurology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Neuroscience"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Parkinson Disease"
    ],
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive science/Cognitive neuroscience/Cognitive neurology/Cognitive impairment"
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    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Biological locomotion/Gait analysis"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Biological locomotion/Walking"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Computer and information sciences/Artificial intelligence/Machine learning"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Anatomy/Body limbs"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Neurodegenerative diseases/Movement disorders/Parkinson disease"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Neurology/Cognitive neurology/Cognitive impairment"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Neurology/Neurodegenerative diseases/Movement disorders/Parkinson disease"
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  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13734472",
  "pmid": "42981295",
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bcccrdr1d256c.ris",
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      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T12:20:11Z",
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "heading:Biochemistry",
      "subfield": "general"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:cognitive neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:neurology",
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    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:anatomy",
      "subfield": "physiology"
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  ],
  "title": "Differential and directional body coupling analysis in Parkinsonian gait",
  "title_text": "Differential and directional body coupling analysis in Parkinsonian gait",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:23:59Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bcccrdr1d256c",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
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}