{
  "abstract": "Coronaviruses are responsible for diseases ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe infections such as COVID-19. Despite the availability of vaccines and therapeutic agents, the emergence of new variants and drug-resistant strains highlights the need for additional antiviral strategies. In this study, Rumex crispus was investigated as a potential source of antiviral compounds. The ethanol (EtOH) extract of R. crispus roots was prepared and subsequently fractionated into n-hexane (n-hex), ethyl acetate (EA), and aqueous fractions. Among these, the n-hexane and EA fractions exhibited significant antiviral activity against human coronavirus OC43, as demonstrated by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and plaque assays. Chemical analysis of the extract by HPLC led to the identification of epicatechin, naphthalene derivatives, and anthraquinones. Notably, emodin, an anthraquinone, showed pronounced antiviral activity, and was found to be enriched in the active n-hexane and EA fractions. These findings suggest that emodin may contribute to the antiviral activity of R. crispus extract, although the potential involvement of other bioactive constituents cannot be excluded.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea",
    "Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumsung, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea",
    "Analysis & Evaluation department, Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation, Wonju, Korea",
    "Department of Analysis and Assessment, Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation, Wonju, Korea"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Seungju Cho"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jang Hoon Kim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Siyun Lee"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Chunghyeon Lee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yong-Goo Kim"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eunji Cho"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jayhyun Park"
    },
    {
      "name": "Junsoo Park"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bdbcrgwdm1x3g.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0362181",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bdbcrgwdm1x3g",
  "issns": [
    "1932-6203"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362181",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Immunology/Vaccination and immunization/Antiviral therapy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Microbiology/Medical microbiology/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Coronaviruses"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Molecular biology/Molecular biology techniques/Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques/Gene expression and vector techniques/Protein expression"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/RNA viruses/Coronaviruses"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Viruses/Viral pathogens/Coronaviruses"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Diagnostic medicine/Diagnostic radiology/Magnetic resonance imaging"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Immunology/Vaccination and immunization/Antiviral therapy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Medical conditions/Infectious diseases/Viral diseases/COVID 19"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Pathology and laboratory medicine/Pathogens/Microbial pathogens/Viral pathogens/Coronaviruses"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Public and occupational health/Preventive medicine/Vaccination and immunization/Antiviral therapy"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Medicine and health sciences/Radiology and imaging/Diagnostic radiology/Magnetic resonance imaging"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Biological cultures/Cell cultures"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Chromatographic techniques/Column chromatography"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Extraction techniques/Protein extraction"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Imaging techniques/Diagnostic radiology/Magnetic resonance imaging"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Research and analysis methods/Molecular biology techniques/Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques/Gene expression and vector techniques/Protein expression"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-05",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bdbcrgwdm1x3g.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:20:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0362181",
      "source": "plos",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0362181"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "plos:diagnostic radiology",
      "subfield": "imaging"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antiviral activity of Rumex crispus extract and its bioactive constituent emodin against human coronavirus OC43",
  "title_text": "Antiviral activity of Rumex crispus extract and its bioactive constituent emodin against human coronavirus OC43",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T12:20:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bdbcrgwdm1x3g",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
  "versions": []
}