{
  "abstract": "Ocean acidification, caused by rising carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere, has been reported to negatively impact a wide variety of behaviours in fishes, including activity, exploration, and predator avoidance.\n\nThese effects have been documented at the population level, but many animal species naturally show large and repeatable individual‐level differences in behaviour. How environmental stressors, such as ocean acidification, affect behavioural variation at the individual level remains largely unknown but is vital in understanding adaptation given natural selection operates on variation at the individual rather than population level.\n\nUsing a statistical approach allowing variation in means and variation in variance to be modelled within a single framework, we quantified individual‐level differences across five behaviours in the coral reef Ambon damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis (emergence time, activity level, time spent sheltering, thigmotaxis and novel object inspection). We measured behaviour in a novel environment assay, twice before (CO2 ~450 μatm) and twice following 4–6 days of exposure to predicted end‐of‐century ocean acidification conditions (~1100 μatm).\n\nFollowing behavioural assays, we tested individual survival in a live predation experiment. We used predatory rock cod, Cephalopholis microprion, acclimated to the same CO2 treatments as Ambon damsels and examined predictors of survival probability.\n\nAll behaviours in damselfish were moderately and significantly repeatable, with no marked differences in repeatability estimates between the ambient CO2 and elevated CO2 treatment groups. Exposure to end‐of‐century ocean acidification conditions had no effect on any of the five behaviours measured, both in terms of group means and residual (within‐individual) variance.\n\nThe probability of survival in the predation trials was similar for damselfish in the ambient and elevated CO2 treatment groups. Smaller damselfish as well as those that spent a greater amount of time inspecting a novel object (i.e. bolder individuals) had a lower probability of survival regardless of their CO2 treatment.\n\nOur results challenge assumptions about the impacts of ocean acidification on coral reef fish behaviour and susceptibility to predation, both at the population and individual level. They also provide support for a trade‐off between boldness and predation risk in fish.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada",
    "Institut de Biologie, Éco‐Éthologie Université de Neuchâtel Neuchâtel Switzerland",
    "Department of Neuroscience Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden",
    "Department of Aquatic Resources Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Drottningholm Sweden",
    "Department of Biological Sciences University of New Brunswick Saint John New Brunswick Canada",
    "School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia",
    "Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada",
    "School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia",
    "Département de Sciences Biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Dominique G. Roche",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3326-864X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Josefin Sundin",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1853-4046"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ben Speers‐Roesch",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6510-7501"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Shinichi Nakagawa",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7765-5182"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Timothy D. Clark",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8738-3347"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        8
      ],
      "name": "Sandra A. Binning",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2804-9979"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bdjpm4zztqp6m.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1111/1365-2656.70346",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731831/",
  "id": "bdjpm4zztqp6m",
  "issns": [
    "0021-8790",
    "1365-2656"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70346",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Behavioural Ecology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Global Change Ecology"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1910|Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7220928484",
  "pdf_url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2656.70346",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731831",
  "pmid": "42847619",
  "published": "2026-10-08",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bdjpm4zztqp6m.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:57Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13731831",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70346"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:1910|Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses",
      "subfield": "oceanography"
    }
  ],
  "title": "No effect of short‐term exposure to ocean acidification on individual‐level variation in behaviour and susceptibility to predation in a Great Barrier Reef damselfish",
  "title_text": "No effect of short‐term exposure to ocean acidification on individual‐level variation in behaviour and susceptibility to predation in a Great Barrier Reef damselfish",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bdjpm4zztqp6m",
  "venue": "The Journal of Animal Ecology",
  "versions": []
}