{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents major global health challenges, but current treatments often are limited by efficacy loss, infection risks, and disruption of gut homeostasis. Novel therapies are needed to actively promote mucosal repair and restore immune balance.Results\n\nThis study develops a nano-biotherapeutic by conjugating extracellular vesicles derived from Bletilla striata (BEVs) with the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) via supramolecular assembly. BEVs contained protocatechualdehyde as a key bioactive metabolite to suppress M1 macrophage polarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. EcN@BEVs treatment significantly restored epithelial barrier integrity with the upregulated expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, and reversed microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and invasion-adhesion-directed expression sequencing (INVADE-seq) analyses confirmed that EcN@BEVs promoted a shift from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory macrophage phenotypes and reduced intracellular bacterial invasion.Conclusions\n\nThe EcN@BEVs complex demonstrates significant therapeutic potential for colitis through a multi-faceted mechanism involving enhanced probiotic delivery, direct anti-inflammatory action, gut microbiota restoration, and mucosal immunity reprogramming. This study presents a promising integrated nanotherapeutic strategy for IBD treatment under cross-species collaboration.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Changhai Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.",
    "Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.",
    "Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. wanghaohh@vip.126.com.",
    "Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. xuli_ch@163.com.",
    "Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital (Changhai Hospital), Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China. shiyunpengjie@126.com."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Weiliang Hou"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kaiwen Sheng"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Minxin Gao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Bing Liu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Hao Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Xu Li"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Yunjie Shi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7843-9396"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/be849f2wm9w7d.bib",
  "cited_by": 1,
  "doi": "10.1186/s12951-026-04866-5",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13718099",
  "id": "be849f2wm9w7d",
  "issns": [
    "1477-3155"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958511",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7172166992",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13718099?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13718099",
  "pmid": "42958511",
  "published": "2026-08-01",
  "publisher": "BMC",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/be849f2wm9w7d.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:47Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42958511",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42958511"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:22:14Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13718099",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-026-04866-5"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biochemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:1312|Extracellular vesicles in disease",
      "subfield": "molecular-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Bletilla striata-derived extracellular vesicles armed probiotic by supramolecular assembly ameliorates colitis via macrophage modulation and microbiota restoration.",
  "title_text": "Bletilla striata-derived extracellular vesicles armed probiotic by supramolecular assembly ameliorates colitis via macrophage modulation and microbiota restoration.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:22:14Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/be849f2wm9w7d",
  "venue": "Journal of nanobiotechnology",
  "versions": []
}