{
  "abstract": "O- and B-type stars are young and hot, thereby serving as vital tracers of the star formation and spiral arm structure of the Milky Way. At the dusk of the Gaia DR3 era, a high-confidence and accurate catalogue appears timely. We have characterized 105,971 OB-type stars (Teff > 10,000 K) within 2 kpc from the Sun, using an astro-photometric Bayesian inference tool. Our map unveils a complex view of the young stellar populations across the thin disk, with prominent large-scale features such as the Cepheus Spur, the Giant Oval Cavity, and a segment the Sagittarius-Carina arm all visible. Their inhomogeneous spatial distribution implies that massive star formation has taken place clustered across a few highly concentrated regions. We find a correlation between the overdensities of OB-type stars and young open clusters, and attribute departure from it to extinction effects. We identify 4200 stars as model-dependent core-collapse supernova (ccSN) or direct-collapse black hole (BH) progenitor candidates, including 6 ccSN progenitor candidates within 125 pc – the maximum radius within which a ccSN explosion could be harmful to Earth’s biosphere – but our analysis suggests none of them exploding within the next 5 Myrs. Finally, we anticipate more evolved OB-type stars to collapse to form BHs within the next 1 Myr than ccSN progenitors will explode, despite the former’s much scarcer number. A possible interpretation is a recent star formation burst in the local Milky Way, consistent with overdensities of ccSN progenitor candidates in Cyg OB2 and the Sagittarius-Carina arm.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité , CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, 92190 Meudon ,",
    "Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie , Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg ,",
    "INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino , via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO) ,",
    "University of Vienna Department of Astrophysics, , Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Wien ,",
    "Astrophysics Group , Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG ,",
    "Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias , E-38 200 La Laguna, Tenerife ,",
    "Universidad de La Laguna Departamento de Astrofísica, , E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife ,",
    "European Southern Observatory , Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago ,",
    "Institut de Ciéncies del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franqués 1, E-08028 Barcelona ,",
    "Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo , Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 ,"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alexis L Quintana",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1303-5590"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kiril Maltsev"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Eloisa Poggio"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Emily L Hunt"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Nicholas J Wright",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8389-8711"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5,
        6
      ],
      "name": "Sara R Berlanas"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Laia Casamiquela"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Abel de Burgos"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Hanna Parul"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Misha Haywood"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Paola Di Matteo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        8,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Chervin Laporte"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Juan Martínez García"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bef8x0k1dd3hm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/mnras/stag2107",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bef8x0k1dd3hm",
  "issns": [
    "0035-8711",
    "1365-2966"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2107/9012722",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2107/73037070/stag2107.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-04",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (OUP)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bef8x0k1dd3hm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-05T00:20:45Z",
      "native_id": "10.1093/mnras/stag2107",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://academic.oup.com/mnras/advance-article/doi/10.1093/mnras/stag2107/9012722"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:3103|Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies",
      "subfield": "stellar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Unveiling the Milky Way with a Gaia DR3 census of OB-type stars within 2 kpc. I. Tracing local Galactic structure, massive star-forming regions and core-collapse supernova progenitors",
  "title_text": "Unveiling the Milky Way with a Gaia DR3 census of OB-type stars within 2 kpc. I. Tracing local Galactic structure, massive star-forming regions and core-collapse supernova progenitors",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-06T00:21:01Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bef8x0k1dd3hm",
  "venue": "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",
  "versions": []
}