{
  "abstract": "We perform high-resolution 2.5D single-fluid magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to explore the development of cool, dense structures within plasmoids during chromospheric magnetic reconnection. The model incorporates temperature-dependent ionization degrees of hydrogen and helium, resulting in improved diffusivities and viscosity, as well as adequate radiative cooling. The numerical results show that the plasma is significantly hot, with temperatures reaching several tens of thousands of Kelvin in newly developed plasmoids in the low initial plasma- β cases, β ₀ = 0.05. Later, the localized accumulation of plasma and decreasing temperature result in an explosive, much stronger radiative cooling process. Radiative cooling peaks over the temperature range of 8000–20,000 K. The co-spatial density enhancement, substantial radiative cooling, shorter radiative cooling timescales, and a significant temperature decrease support the existence of thermal instability–like condensation within the plasmoids. Similar cool, dense structures are identified in all low- β ₀ cases at different chromospheric altitudes, suggesting that this occurrence is not limited to a single chromospheric layer. In contrast, in the high initial plasma- β , β ₀ = 0.5 case, the maximum temperature inside the dense plasmoids is only about 8000 K. Therefore, the radiative cooling has never entered the explosive increasing stage, and the thermal-instability-like condensation does not happen. These findings reveal that plasmoid-trapped condensation may develop in chromospheric reconnection once radiative losses become self-amplifying under low- β ₀ conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Yunnan Observatories",
    "Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science",
    "University of Chinese Academy of Sciences",
    "Indian Institute of Geomagnetism",
    "Peking University",
    "State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Abdullah Zafar",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2388-7068"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Lei Ni",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6366-7724"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Samrat Sen",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1546-381X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Yuhao Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8077-094X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohamed Sedik",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-0996-8232"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mehdi Yousefzadeh",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2682-9784"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Jun Lin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3326-5860"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bekf22w2z2eh4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/aea6d5",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bekf22w2z2eh4",
  "issns": [
    "0004-637X",
    "1538-4357"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea6d5",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7212744349",
  "pdf_url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea6d5/pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "American Astronomical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bekf22w2z2eh4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
      "native_id": "10.3847/1538-4357/aea6d5",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aea6d5"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "openalex:3103|Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics",
      "subfield": "stellar"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Plasmoid-trapped Condensation Associated with a Transient Thermal Instability–Like Process in Chromospheric Magnetic Reconnection",
  "title_text": "Plasmoid-trapped Condensation Associated with a Transient Thermal Instability–Like Process in Chromospheric Magnetic Reconnection",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:11Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bekf22w2z2eh4",
  "venue": "The Astrophysical Journal",
  "versions": []
}