{
  "abstract": "Composition-dependent Co-Fe oxide samples with nominal CoxFe3-xO4 stoichiometry (x = 0.5–1.1) were prepared by sol-gel auto-combustion to examine their phase constitution, microstructure, magnetic behavior, pellet-scale magnetostriction, and in vitro response toward MCF-7 breast-cancer cells. Rietveld analysis showed coexistence of cubic spinel ferrite and α-Fe2O3 for x = 0.5–0.8, whereas x = 0.9–1.1 were predominantly single-phase spinel; crystallite sizes were approximately 20–30 nm. At 300 K, coercivity reached 1.86 kOe for x = 0.7. Sintered-pellet measurements also gave the largest longitudinal magnetostriction at x = 0.7 (λ∥,max = -425 ppm), while x = 0.9 and 1.0 showed lower measured strain magnitudes. In MTT assays conducted without an applied magnetic field, growth inhibition increased with concentration and was highest for x = 1.1 and x = 1.0, reaching 46.2% and 44.7%, respectively, at 1000 µg mL-1 after 48 h. Phase-contrast microscopy and DAPI nuclear staining showed concentration-dependent loss of confluence, cell rounding, and nuclear condensation or fragmentation. These observations indicate cytotoxic damage but do not by themselves establish apoptosis or its molecular mechanism. Because magnetostriction was measured on sintered pellets, whereas the biological assays used nanoparticle suspensions under zero-field conditions, the two data sets are treated as independent outcomes. The present results establish composition-dependent structure–magnetic–magnetostrictive relationships in Co–Fe oxide nanomaterials together with their baseline in-vitro response, while the measured magnetostrictive properties provide a materials-level basis for future magnetic-field-assisted biomedical investigations.\n\nGraphical abstract:\n\nSupplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05074-8.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Physics, Vivekanand College, Chattrapati Sambhajinagar, 431001 MS India",
    "Department of Physics, Deogiri College, Chattrapati Sambhajinagar, 431001 MS India",
    "Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085 MS India",
    "Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India",
    "Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India",
    "Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia",
    "Symbiosis Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India",
    "Materials Research Laboratory, Srikrishna Mahavidyalaya Gunjoti, Omerga, Dharashiv, 413613 MS India",
    "School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Anil S. Gaikwad"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Manisha R. Patil"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Sher Singh Meena"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Gurdev Preet Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Jasvir Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Sharabjit Singh"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Ahmed Ahmed Ibrahim"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Rutuja Gumathannavar"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Akash V. Fulari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Ram H. Kadam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Danyang Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sagar E. Shirsath"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bfgn9tkvc17hb.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1186/s11671-026-05074-8",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731537/",
  "id": "bfgn9tkvc17hb",
  "issns": [
    "2731-9229"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05074-8",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2505|Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225183277",
  "pdf_url": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s11671-026-05074-8.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731537",
  "pmid": "42977876",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "publisher": "Springer",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bfgn9tkvc17hb.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:43Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13731537",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-026-05074-8"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2505|Magnetic Properties and Synthesis of Ferrites",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Stoichiometry-engineered cobalt ferrite-based nanomaterials with tunable magnetism, magnetostriction, and in vitro cytotoxicity",
  "title_text": "Stoichiometry-engineered cobalt ferrite-based nanomaterials with tunable magnetism, magnetostriction, and in vitro cytotoxicity",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bfgn9tkvc17hb",
  "venue": "Discover Nano",
  "versions": []
}