{
  "abstract": "Aims\n\nKuwait has one of the highest global incidences of childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet little is known about the burden of coeliac disease (CD) in this population. We aimed to determine the prevalence/incidence of CD in children newly diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait and identify associated risk factors.Methods\n\nIn this prospective cohort study, all 1938 children (≤ 14 years) diagnosed with T1D in Kuwait between 2011 and 2017 were enrolled and followed for 5 years post-diagnosis. CD development was defined by intestinal biopsy confirmation. Cox univariable regression models quantified associations between several characteristics at T1D diagnosis (age, sex, DKA, height z-score and BMI z-score) and incident CD risk.Results\n\nFour baseline CD cases were excluded. Of the remaining 1934 children, 65 (3.4%) developed CD during follow-up. The median time to CD diagnosis was 1.5 years; 40% were diagnosed within the first year. The incidence rate within the first year following T1D diagnosis was 1.35 (95% CI 0.92-1.99) per 100 person-years and generally declined over subsequent years of follow-up. While age at diagnosis showed no clear effect shortly after T1D diagnosis, older age was associated with progressively lower CD risk over longer follow-up, with the risk of CD being 33% lower per one-year increase in age at diagnosis by 5 years of follow-up; no other baseline factors investigated were significant.Conclusion\n\nThis nationwide prospective study highlights the burden and timing of biopsy-confirmed CD after T1D onset. CD occurred most frequently during the early years after T1D diagnosis, with a higher risk among younger children, supporting particular attention to screening in these groups.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Population Health, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait.",
    "Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait.",
    "Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hessa Al-Kandari",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6652-1218"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wafaa Al-Qabandi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mohammed T Hudda",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7894-1159"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aisha Alsaqabi",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-8445-9200"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Lujain D AlAbduljaleel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Rawand Rafat Toma"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ahlam Mustafa"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Fawaz Al-Refaee",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7980-1518"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Dalia Al-Abdulrazzaq",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4613-865X"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bfta2yzyangzm.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1002/dmrr.70246",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715641",
  "id": "bfta2yzyangzm",
  "issns": [
    "1520-7552",
    "1520-7560"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42949632",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Research Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2715|Celiac Disease Research and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224105003",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13715641?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13715641",
  "pmid": "42949632",
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bfta2yzyangzm.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:35Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42949632",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42949632"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:52Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13715641",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.70246"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:2712|Diabetes Management and Research",
      "subfield": "endocrinology-metabolism"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Coeliac Disease in Children Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes: A 5-Year Nationwide Prospective Study From Kuwait.",
  "title_text": "Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Coeliac Disease in Children Newly Diagnosed With Type 1 Diabetes: A 5-Year Nationwide Prospective Study From Kuwait.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:52Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bfta2yzyangzm",
  "venue": "Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews",
  "versions": []
}