{
  "abstract": "Diptera genome evolution is traditionally viewed through the lens of Drosophila melanogaster . To provide an unbiased picture of chromosome evolution in Diptera, we reconstructed six ancestral linkage groups (ALGs) and their rearrangements using 340 chromosome-level genome assemblies from 59 dipteran Families and two outgroups. Notably, Diptera ALGs are conserved in many Nematoceran lineages, while emergence of Brachycera coincided with four chromosomal fissions, which subsequently fused in various combinations. In Schizophora and relatives, a stable karyotype of five metacentric chromosomes and a chromosome homologous to the dot emerged that is remarkably stable with the notable exception of Drosophila, where the metacentric chromosomes became acrocentric Muller elements. Furthermore, our reconstruction reveals an ancient sex chromosome system associated with a small and gene-poor ALG that frequently fused to other chromosomes.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Tree of Life, Wellcome Sanger Institute; Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK",
    "Genetics, Evolution & Environment, University College London; London",
    "Darwin College, University of Cambridge; Cambridge, CB3 9EU, UK",
    "Genetics Department, University of Cambridge"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Julia Gries",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-8679-0708"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Sam Ebdon",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9321-4686"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Aleksandra Bliznina",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5031-8023"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Joanna Collins",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5782-5028"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Christina N. Hodson",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5400-6107"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Thomas C. Mathers",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-8637-3515"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        0
      ],
      "name": "Arif Maulana",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1968-4575"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shane McCarthy",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2715-4187"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Michael Paulini",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6968-2340"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dominic E. Absolon",
      "orcid": "0009-0004-5709-2249"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ksenia Krasheninnikova",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0604-2047"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mara Lawniczak",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3006-2080"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3,
        0
      ],
      "name": "Richard Michael Durbin",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9130-1006"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kamil S. Jaroň",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1470-5450"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bgcqype65demd.bib",
  "cited_by": 7,
  "doi": "10.64898/2026.06.01.729285",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bgcqype65demd",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.06.01.729285",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1110|Chromosomal and Genetic Variations"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7163520520",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/06/04/2026.06.01.729285.full.pdf",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-06-04",
  "publisher": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bgcqype65demd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T13:20:46Z",
      "native_id": "W7163520520",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.06.01.729285"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:1110|Chromosomal and Genetic Variations",
      "subfield": "plant-biology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "340 dipteran genomes reveal the origin of Muller elements and sex chromosomes in Diptera",
  "title_text": "340 dipteran genomes reveal the origin of Muller elements and sex chromosomes in Diptera",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-05T13:20:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bgcqype65demd",
  "venue": "bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)",
  "versions": []
}