{
  "abstract": "Introduction: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a global healthcare concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where diagnostic capacity and antimicrobial stewardship programs remain limited. Local data on bacterial causative agents and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remain scarce in the Pacific Island Countries and Territories, including Papua New Guinea (PNG). This study aimed to determine the prevalence, bacterial spectrum, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, and distribution of bloodstream pathogens among patients attending Goroka Provincial Hospital in Papua New Guinea.\n\nMethods: We conducted a retrospective laboratory surveillance study using routine blood culture data from Goroka Provincial Hospital. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility results were retrieved from Senaite Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) and analysed using WHONET and SPSS.\n\nResults: A total of 1,276 blood culture specimens were collected from patients with clinically suspected BSI, of which 141 (11.1%) yielded bacterial pathogens. Salmonella enterica servovar Typhi (S. Typhi) was the predominant isolate (72/141, 51.1%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (23/141, 16.3%). Most S. Typhi isolates were susceptible to first line antibiotics tested (98–100%), however, 45% were resistant to chloramphenicol. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) accounted for 60.9% of S. aureus isolates. Extended-spectrumβ-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were susceptible to meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and amikacin.\n\nConclusion: Salmonella Typhi was the predominant cause of BSI and showed substantial chloramphenicol resistance, while phenotypically ESBL-positive bacteria were also detected. These findings underscore the need for continued laboratory-based AMR surveillance and locally informed antimicrobial stewardship and infection-prevention strategies in PNG.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Pathology, Goroka Provincial Hospital, Goroka, Papua New Guinea",
    "AMR-One Health Working Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia",
    "Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya",
    "Department of Infectious Diseases, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia",
    "Microbiology Unit, Alfred Pathology Service, Footscray Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia",
    "Australian HPV Reference Laboratory, Australian Centre for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer, Melbourne, VIC, Australia",
    "Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia",
    "Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Watson Toroi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Victor Musyoki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Becky Max"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Donella Omena"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        3,
        4,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Nomvuyo Mothobi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kudakwashe Chani"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Josephine Chanoan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "Amrita Ronnachit"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bj5epkhrye370.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1914935",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13696391/",
  "id": "bj5epkhrye370",
  "issns": [
    "2296-2565"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1914935",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2402|Antibiotic Use and Resistance"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221526649",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13696391?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13696391",
  "pmid": "42935590",
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bj5epkhrye370.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:45Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13696391",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1914935"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:22Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpubh.2026.1914935",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1914935/full"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:12Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42935590",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42935590"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2402|Antibiotic Use and Resistance",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from blood cultures at a tertiary hospital in Papua New Guinea: implications for antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance",
  "title_text": "Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from blood cultures at a tertiary hospital in Papua New Guinea: implications for antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:33:44Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bj5epkhrye370",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Public Health",
  "versions": []
}