{
  "abstract": "To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of standard platelet-rich plasma (sPRP) and balanced protein-concentrate plasma (BPCP), which is a next-generation formulation enriched in platelet-derived and extraplatelet bioactive molecules, in an indirect co-culture model of primary human chondrocytes (hCh) and synoviocytes (hSv) under IL-1β-induced inflammatory conditions. hCh and hSv were co-cultured in a transwell system (indirect co-culture) and stimulated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 48 h in the presence of 10% sPRP, 10% BPCP, or serum-free medium (SF). Gene expression in hCh was analyzed by RT-qPCR for inflammatory mediators, NF-κB pathway genes, matrix-degrading enzymes and apoptosis markers. Cytokine and MMP secretion in supernatants were quantified by Luminex assay, and intracellular ROS levels were measured in hSv and hCh direct co-culture by DCFDA fluorescence after 4 h of incubation with PRP previously exposed for 24 h to IL-1β. Both sPRP and BPCP significantly reduced MCP-1 (p = 0.02) and BCL-2 expression (p < 0.0001) versus SF. Both formulations also decreased secretion of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13 compared to SF. BPCP showed greater reductions in IL-6 and MCP-1 compared with sPRP. MMP-7 and MMP-9 secretion increased under both PRP conditions, consistent with tissue remodeling activity. Both formulations significantly reduced intracellular ROS levels measured by DCFDA fluorescence, with a stronger effect observed for BPCP. sPRP and BPCP exerted consistent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in a multicellular simulated osteoarthritic in vitro model. BPCP demonstrated enhanced protein-level regulation in certain markers, suggesting that enrichment in extraplatelet molecules may improve PRP efficacy.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, MiKS Hospital, 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain",
    "Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, MiKS Hospital, 01010 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain",
    "Clínica Espregueira—FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, 4350-415 Porto, Portugal",
    "Dom Henrique Research Centre, 4350-415 Porto, Portugal",
    "Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal",
    "School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal",
    "ICVS/3B′s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal",
    "3B′s Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 4806-909 Barco, Portugal"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Daniel Marijuán-Pinel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jon Mercader-Ruiz"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Xabier Sansinanea"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pello Sánchez"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        4
      ],
      "name": "Renato Andrade",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7636-7816"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2,
        3,
        5,
        6,
        7
      ],
      "name": "João Espregueira-Mendes"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Leonor López de Dicastillo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Diego Delgado",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0494-0804"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mikel Sánchez",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9992-6927"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bjppqx559w7e6.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/ijms27208950",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704136",
  "id": "bjppqx559w7e6",
  "issns": [
    "1422-0067"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/8950",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2748|Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221186115",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13704136?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13704136",
  "pmid": "42941726",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bjppqx559w7e6.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:55Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/ijms27208950",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/27/20/8950"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42941726",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42941726"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2748|Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Extraplatelet Molecule Enrichment Enhances the Ability of Platelet-Rich Plasma Releasate to Buffer IL-1β-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Primary Human Chondrocyte–Synoviocyte Co-Culture In Vitro System of Osteoarthritis",
  "title_text": "Extraplatelet Molecule Enrichment Enhances the Ability of Platelet-Rich Plasma Releasate to Buffer IL-1β-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in a Primary Human Chondrocyte–Synoviocyte Co-Culture In Vitro System of Osteoarthritis",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:22:24Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bjppqx559w7e6",
  "venue": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
  "versions": []
}