{
  "abstract": "In this work, semi-interpenetrating network (semi-IPN) hydrogels based on polyacrylamide (PAM)/CMC matrices incorporating polyaniline (PANI) were synthesized to investigate the influence of the ammonium persulfate/aniline (APS/ANI) ratio on structure–property relationships. Hydrogels were prepared via free radical polymerization of PAM/CMC followed by in situ polymerization of aniline within the preformed matrix, yielding composites with systematically varied APS/ANI ratios. Swelling studies in 1.0 mol L–1 HCl revealed that the incorporation of PANI reduced the equilibrium electrolyte swelling degree relative to PAM/CMC hydrogels, yet promoted specific ionic interactions with Cl– ions, strongly dependent on the oxidant/monomer ratio. Electrical conductivity analysis reached values up to 10–2 S·cm–1, with the highest performance observed for hydrogels synthesized at intermediate APS/ANI ratios. Morphological (SEM/EDX) and structural (FTIR, UV–Vis, XRD) analyses demonstrated that PANI formed dendritic-like microstructures distributed within the CMC-containing matrix, while XRD results correlated crystallinity variations with electrical performance. Thermal analysis (TGA) indicated differences in the thermal degradation behavior of the composites compared with the PAM/CMC matrix. These findings highlight the central role of the APS/ANI ratio in modulating the swelling, structural organization, and electroactive properties of PAM/CMC/PANI semi-IPN hydrogels, providing insights for the design of polysaccharide-based conductive materials with potential applications in electroactive devices.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "São Paulo State University (UNESP) , , Avenida Brasil, 56 − Centro , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Denis W. S. Nascimento",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-8502-660X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Marcia R. de Moura",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2534-5553"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jose A. Malmonge"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Fauze A. Aouada"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bk6m4vqc8t4cp.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c07502",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717638/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "bk6m4vqc8t4cp",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
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  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/42/65185/5451915/Structure-Property-Relationships-of-PAM-CMC-Based",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
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      "openalex",
      "2507|Conducting polymers and applications"
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  "openalex": "W7221935688",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c07502",
  "pmcid": "PMC13717638",
  "pmid": "42959571",
  "published": "2026-10-15",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bk6m4vqc8t4cp.ris",
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    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c07502",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/42/65185/5451915/Structure-Property-Relationships-of-PAM-CMC-Based"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:37Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13717638",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13717638"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T00:20:52Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42959571",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42959571"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-02T12:21:55Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13717638",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6c07502"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2507|Conducting polymers and applications",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Structure–Property Relationships of PAM/CMC-Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels: Influence of APS/ANI Ratio on Swelling, Electrical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties",
  "title_text": "Structure–Property Relationships of PAM/CMC-Based Semi-IPN Hydrogels: Influence of APS/ANI Ratio on Swelling, Electrical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:21:55Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bk6m4vqc8t4cp",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}