{ "abstract": "To reduce labor costs, mitigate plastic pollution, and enhance disease control in cold-region rice seedling nurseries, this study developed a biodegradable film-based seedling system.From 2022 to 2024, large-scale comparative field experiments were conducted over three consecutive years in seven major rice-producing cities and counties in Heilongjiang Province, including Tailai, Tonghe, and Fangzheng, to systematically analyze the effect of this technique on seedling morphology, biomass, vigor, and other key indicators, as well as its ecological and inter-annual adaptability. The results showed that, compared with traditional mechanical transplanting tray seedling raising (CK), the biodegradable film-based treatment (T1) increased seedling height, root length, stem base width,dry weight per hundred seedlings, and the classic strong seedling index (SRI) by an average of 6.82%, 8.97%, 9.52%, 10.26%, and 12.41%, respectively, while maintaining a stable root-shoot ratio and water metabolism.No bacterial wilt or seedling blight was observed throughout the experimental period, and no white plastic residue was detected.The total costof seedling raising was reduced by 15%–20%. Regionally, the technique performed best in high-biomass zones (e.g., Tonghe, Mishan) and balanced robust seedling zones (e.g., Suibin, Qing’an), while also showing positive effects in stress-prone regions. This technique demonstrates potential for improving seedling quality while reducing costs and plastic residue.Across 21 site-year combinations spanning seven major rice-producing regions, the system demonstrated consistent positive effects (T1/CK ratios >1.02) with the highest advantages observed in high-biomass regions (Tonghe and Mishan), confirming broad ecological adaptability.", "abstract_shown": true, "affiliations": [ "Institute of Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China", "Wuchang Experimental Station, Northeast Center, National Technology Innovation Center for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, Harbin, China", "Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China", "Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China" ], "article_type": "Research Article", "arxiv": null, "author_total": 14, "authors": [ { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Zhong Yi Sun" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Qing Hua Kang" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Hong Da Wu" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Shi Wei Zhou" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Dan Dan Yao" }, { "affs": [ 2 ], "name": "Xi Xia Song" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Chun Xu Leng" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Ping Yan" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Hong Tao Wu" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Hai Ying Liu" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Hong Ru Gao" }, { "affs": [ 0 ], "name": "Bei Ping Zhao" }, { "affs": [ 3 ], "name": "Yu Fu Wang", "orcid": "0000-0001-8624-8522" }, { "affs": [ 0, 1 ], "name": "Zhen Hua Xu" } ], "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bke0bc52axpwj.bib", "cited_by": 0, "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361056", "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13712524/", "id": "bke0bc52axpwj", "issns": [ "1932-6203" ], "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361056", "language": "en", "licence": "CC-BY-4.0", "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_source": "article", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "metadata_licence": null, "native_subjects": [ [ "heading", "Animal Studies" ], [ "heading", "Biology and Life Sciences" ], [ "heading", "Biomass" ], [ "heading", "Body Weight" ], [ "heading", "Classical Mechanics" ], [ "heading", "Developmental Biology" ], [ "heading", "Ecological Metrics" ], [ "heading", "Ecology" ], [ "heading", "Ecology and Environmental Sciences" ], [ "heading", "Eukaryota" ], [ "heading", "Experimental Organism Systems" ], [ "heading", "Grasses" ], [ "heading", "Leaves" ], [ "heading", "Mathematics" ], [ "heading", "Mechanical Stress" ], [ "heading", "Organisms" ], [ "heading", "Physical Sciences" ], [ "heading", "Physics" ], [ "heading", "Physiological Parameters" ], [ "heading", "Physiology" ], [ "heading", "Plant Anatomy" ], [ "heading", "Plant Growth and Development" ], [ "heading", "Plant Science" ], [ "heading", "Plant and Algal Models" ], [ "heading", "Plants" ], [ "heading", "Research Article" ], [ "heading", "Research and Analysis Methods" ], [ "heading", "Rice" ], [ "heading", "Root Growth" ], [ "heading", "Seedlings" ], [ "heading", "Statistical Data" ], [ "heading", "Statistics" ], [ "heading", "Thermal Stresses" ], [ "openalex", "1110|Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Developmental biology/Plant growth and development/Root growth" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Ecology/Ecological metrics/Biomass" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Grasses/Rice" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Organisms/Eukaryota/Plants/Seedlings" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Physiology/Physiological parameters/Body weight" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant anatomy/Leaves" ], [ "plos", "/Biology and life sciences/Plant science/Plant growth and development/Root growth" ], [ "plos", "/Ecology and environmental sciences/Ecology/Ecological metrics/Biomass" ], [ "plos", "/Physical sciences/Mathematics/Statistics/Statistical data" ], [ "plos", "/Physical sciences/Physics/Classical mechanics/Mechanical stress/Thermal stresses" ], [ "plos", "/Research and analysis methods/Animal studies/Experimental organism systems/Plant and algal models/Rice" ] ], "openalex": "W7224015933", "pdf_url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0361056&type=printable", "pmcid": "PMC13712524", "pmid": "42945277", "published": "2026-10-27", "publisher": "Public Library of Science", "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bke0bc52axpwj.ris", "sources": [ { "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:17Z", "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0361056", "source": "plos", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361056" }, { "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:23:05Z", "native_id": "PMC13712524", "source": "pmc", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361056" } ], "subjects": [ { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:developmental biology", "subfield": "developmental-biology" }, { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:ecology", "subfield": "ecology" }, { "field": "biology", "origin": "plos:plant science", "subfield": "plant-biology" }, { "field": "medicine", "origin": "heading:Physiology", "subfield": "physiology" }, { "field": "physics", "origin": "heading:Physics", "subfield": "general" } ], "title": "Effects of the biodegradable film-based tray-free seedling system on seedling quality and ecological adaptability in cold-region rice", "title_text": "Effects of the biodegradable film-based tray-free seedling system on seedling quality and ecological adaptability in cold-region rice", "type": "peer-reviewed", "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:23:05Z", "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bke0bc52axpwj", "venue": "PLOS One", "versions": [] }