{
  "abstract": "Various plant by-products have attracted increasing attention as sources of biologically active compounds, particularly polyphenols. In this study, tannin-rich polyphenolic fractions were isolated from the leaves of Rhus glabra L. and Pistacia vera L. (Anacardiaceae) using a simple and efficient extraction procedure. The chemical composition of the extracts was characterized by LC-MS analysis, and their antimicrobial, antiradical, and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. Both extracts exhibited strong antiradical activity against DPPH radicals, comparable to or exceeding that of vitamin C and Trolox. Furthermore, both extracts showed cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells while exerting virtually no effect on MRC-5 fibroblasts within the tested concentration range (1–50 µg/mL). Antibacterial activity was assessed against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 700699 (MRSA), S. aureus ATCC 8325-4 (MSSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 51625 (MRSE), S. epidermidis ATCC 14990 (MSSE), Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, and Bacillus cereus ATCC 13061) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC BAA-1744). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 2 to 125 µg/mL for Gram-positive bacteria and from 125 to 500 µg/mL for Gram-negative bacteria. In all biological assays, the R. glabra extract showed greater activity than the P. vera extract, likely because of its higher flavonoid content despite similar tannin levels. Overall, the results indicate that these tannin-rich leaf extracts, particularly that of R. glabra, represent promising sources of bioactive compounds with potential practical applications. The possible contribution of synergistic interactions among extract constituents to the observed biological effects is also discussed.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland",
    "Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland",
    "BioMedChem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Matejki 21/23, 90-237 Lodz, Poland",
    "Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan",
    "Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian University in Plock, Pl. Dabrowskiego 2, 09-402 Plock, Poland",
    "Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian University in Plock, Pl. Dabrowskiego 2, 09-402 Plock, Poland"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elżbieta Okła"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Paulina Rycharska",
      "orcid": "0009-0002-3655-0568"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Rustamjon Makhmudov"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Rakhmatilla Rakhimov",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3600-5009"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Nodira Abdulladjanova",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2124-3522"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Janusz Błasiak",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-9539-9584"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maria Zamaraeva"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        5
      ],
      "name": "Maksim Ionov",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7227-6864"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bkpzy2d3rhwp9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/molecules31203739",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707481/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "bkpzy2d3rhwp9",
  "issns": [
    "1420-3049"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3739",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2704|Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7222946899",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707481/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13707481",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-01",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bkpzy2d3rhwp9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:42Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/molecules31203739",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/31/20/3739"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:40Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13707481",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13707481"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2704|Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Rhus glabra L. and Pistacia vera L. Leaf Extracts as Rich Sources of Tannins with Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities",
  "title_text": "Rhus glabra L. and Pistacia vera L. Leaf Extracts as Rich Sources of Tannins with Antioxidant, Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activities",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:40Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bkpzy2d3rhwp9",
  "venue": "Molecules",
  "versions": []
}