{
  "abstract": "Introduction: This study aimed to distinguish drought accumulation timescale from response timing in stable vegetation in the Weihe River Basin.\n\nMethods: We analyzed MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and ERA5-Drought standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) data for 2003–2024 on the native 0.25° drought grid. Persistent land-cover classification required at least 18 valid annual classifications and a modal-class fraction of at least 80%. Four accumulation timescales (1, 3, 6, and 12 months) and 13 window-end lags (0–12 months) formed 52 response–exposure combinations. We controlled for growing-season month effects and a linear trend. We applied maximum-statistic tests with synchronized 2-year moving-block resampling and controlled the false discovery rate across cells using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure.\n\nResults: The area-weighted mean of grid-cell partial correlations peaked at SPEI-12, lag 0 (r = 0.3216), with a mean slope of 0.00971 EVI units per SPEI unit. Of 190 eligible cells, 126 showed a corrected positive association, covering 69.68% of eligible stable-vegetation area. Grasslands and high-elevation areas had stronger descriptive responses. Relaxing valid-area coverage from 0.70 to 0.50 retained the basin-wide peak. Across detected cells, the median bootstrap reselection frequency of the observed best timescale–lag combination was 53.1%. Across 2,252 SPEI-3 grid-cell drought events, the mean EVI residual reached −0.00909 one month after onset (95% onset-year block-bootstrap interval, −0.01448 to −0.00439). Among 2,105 uncensored events, meteorological drought termination was confirmed a median of 3 months after the last dry month (interquartile range, 2–3 months).\n\nDiscussion: The dominant association links vegetation condition to the 12-month water balance ending in the response month. These findings support monitoring that combines long-term water balance, early vegetation responses, and continued vegetation observations after meteorological drought termination.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 2,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Xiangxiang Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yaya Shi"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bmg7qw3jcrevn.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1974112",
  "fulltext_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661968/?tool=EBI",
  "id": "bmg7qw3jcrevn",
  "issns": [
    "1664-462X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661968",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Hydrology and Drought Analysis"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7214942632",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13661968/pdf/?tool=EBI",
  "pmcid": "PMC13661968",
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-30",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bmg7qw3jcrevn.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:20Z",
      "native_id": "PMC:PMC13661968",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/PMC/PMC13661968"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fpls.2026.1974112",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2026.1974112/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Hydrology and Drought Analysis",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Responses of stable vegetation to drought accumulation timescales and time lags in the Weihe River Basin",
  "title_text": "Responses of stable vegetation to drought accumulation timescales and time lags in the Weihe River Basin",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:25Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bmg7qw3jcrevn",
  "venue": "Frontiers in plant science",
  "versions": []
}