{
  "abstract": "This study describes the easy synthesis and application of silver–iron oxide bimetallic nanoparticles (AgFe BNPs) for the removal of organic dye “Indigo Carmine” (IC) from the aqueous solution. To investigate this potential, we used the rose petals extract during the aqueous phase to create bimetallic Ag–Fe nanoparticles. It also describes the structural, morphological, elemental composition, vibrational, and optical characterization of synthesised AgFe BNPs. To identify the ideal circumstances for IC dye removal, several variables influencing dye adsorption were examined, including the impact of adsorbent mass, contact time, pH, initial IC concentration, and temperatures through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. The highest removal percentage (% R) under ideal circumstances was 92.21%. Additionally, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was used to fit the adsorption kinetic results. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was in line with the composites including in the case of the adsorption isotherms. There have been reports on the parameters of enthalpy, and entropy, and free energy. The random distribution of dye molecules on the iron oxide nanoparticles adsorbent and the exothermic character of dye removal were both demonstrated by thermodynamic data. Computational studies show that, electrostatic interactions between the dye molecules and adsorbent surface functional groups dominated the adsorption process characteristics. The findings indicated that AgFe BNPs could be a viable, affordable, and environmentally friendly adsorbent for industrial effluent containing dyes. This green synthesis method shows promise in treating water pollution by removing organic contaminants while minimizing the use of dangerous chemicals and utilizing plant extract's natural bioactive qualities.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemistry, KLE Society's S. Nijalingappa College Bengaluru 560010 Karnataka India",
    "Department of Chemistry, New Horizon College of Engineering Bangalore 560103 Karnataka India",
    "Department of Chemistry, Gopalan College of Engineering and Management Bangalore 560048 Karnataka India",
    "Department of Chemistry, MVJ College of Engineering Bangalore 560067 Karnataka India",
    "Department of Chemistry, KLE Society's P.C. Jabin Science College Hubballi 580031 Karnataka India",
    "Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia",
    "Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan",
    "Dire-Dawa University Dire Dawa 1362 Ethiopia"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 9,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Narasimha Raghavendra"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Asha Puthussery Koroth"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "C. Sarika"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Preethi G."
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ramya Halesh Huller"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Roohul Abad Khan"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Aseel Smerat"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Saiful Islam"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "A. Khan",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-4330-0746"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bpa4ga9cnj0aq.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1039/d6ra07911c",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13651743/",
  "id": "bpa4ga9cnj0aq",
  "issns": [
    "2046-2069"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07911c",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-3.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC 3.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Chemistry"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221128229",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": "PMC13651743",
  "pmid": "42857663",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "Royal Society of Chemistry",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bpa4ga9cnj0aq.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:23:34Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13651743",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ra07911c"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2312|Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal",
      "subfield": "hydrology-soils"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Optimization of removal of indigo carmine dye by silver–iron oxide bimetallic nanoparticles through response surface methodology modelling: experimental and theoretical mechanistic insights",
  "title_text": "Optimization of removal of indigo carmine dye by silver–iron oxide bimetallic nanoparticles through response surface methodology modelling: experimental and theoretical mechanistic insights",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-02T12:20:48Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bpa4ga9cnj0aq",
  "venue": "RSC Advances",
  "versions": []
}