{
  "abstract": "Cirrhosis patients are at high risk for drug-resistant infections, which may be transmitted between patients and healthcare providers. In this study, we used shotgun metagenomics to characterize the fecal microbiome of physicians in cirrhosis care (n = 55) across 9 countries. Our results indicate physicians from low- or middle-income countries carry greater antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) diversity corresponding to increased taxonomic richness. Physicians carried a low prevalence of clinically relevant ARGs or virulence factors (VFs), regardless of country of practice or patient exposure. Further comparison of fecal microbiomes between a subset of cirrhosis patients and physicians’ fecal samples collected from the same medical facility in the United States indicated that cirrhosis patients carried a far greater burden of high-risk VFs and ARGs. Collectively, this study provides evidence that most physicians in cirrhosis care are unlikely to be a primary reservoir of drug-resistant pathogens, although further surveillance of healthcare workers is warranted.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Andrew J Sommer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Masoumeh Sikaroodi"
    },
    {
      "name": "Andrew Fagan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brian C Davis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alexander Khoruts"
    },
    {
      "name": "Patrick M Gillevet"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jasmohan S Bajaj"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bqftn2mh4t4n3.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-11319770/v1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13734255/",
  "id": "bqftn2mh4t4n3",
  "issns": [
    "2693-5015"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11319770/v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2726|Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7225056906",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11319770/latest.pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13734255",
  "pmid": "42990555",
  "published": "2026-11-01",
  "publisher": "American Journal Experts",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bqftn2mh4t4n3.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:23:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13734255",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11319770/v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2726|Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria",
      "subfield": "infectious-disease"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Global Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors Among Physicians in Cirrhosis Care",
  "title_text": "Global Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors Among Physicians in Cirrhosis Care",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:23:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bqftn2mh4t4n3",
  "venue": "Research Square",
  "versions": []
}