{
  "abstract": "Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with a median survival of under 15 months and no effective treatment after recurrence. A recent phase 1 trial of intracerebroventricular bivalent chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in recurrent GBM, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05168423), showed promising responses, including tumor reduction and prolonged survival. However, relapse remains common. We performed in-depth profiling of longitudinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and tumor samples from responders and non-responders to characterize immune dynamics following infusion. Our study reveals that, although CAR T cells activate post infusion across all patients, outcomes were defined by divergent remodeling of the endogenous immune landscape. Cytotoxic natural killer cell expansion characterized responders, whereas regulatory T cell expansion and abundant baseline immunosuppressive scavenger myeloid cells characterized non-responders. These findings indicate that host immune cells play a critical role in CAR T cell therapy for GBM, suggesting that combinatorial strategies modulating the endogenous immune compartment could improve next-generation treatments.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 50,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Nelson F Freeburg"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel Chafamo"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gayathri Konanur Gopikrishna"
    },
    {
      "name": "Regan M Murphy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jacqueline J Peng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shridhar Parthasarathy"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sydney Dumont"
    },
    {
      "name": "Edward G Estrada"
    },
    {
      "name": "Meghan T Logun"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yusha Sun"
    },
    {
      "name": "Xin Wang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Payal Grover"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jesse L Rodriguez"
    },
    {
      "name": "Daniel L Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kristen Park"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yao Fu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nadine Ben Hamouda"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isaias Hernandez-Verdin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lamia Lamrani"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kelly A Hicks"
    },
    {
      "name": "Natalie A Cooper"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christina Ekwegbara"
    },
    {
      "name": "Emma Grace Bawden"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joshua J Waterfall"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jaime Fuentealba"
    },
    {
      "name": "Marion Alcantara"
    },
    {
      "name": "John T Seykora"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stephen M Prouty"
    },
    {
      "name": "David Barrett"
    },
    {
      "name": "Esha Banerjee"
    },
    {
      "name": "Arin Cox"
    },
    {
      "name": "Charles-Antoine Assenmacher"
    },
    {
      "name": "Camilla Macia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Melinda Yin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Erica L Carpenter"
    },
    {
      "name": "Guo-Li Ming"
    },
    {
      "name": "Catherine Sautès-Fridman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wolf H Fridman"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eric Tartour"
    },
    {
      "name": "E John Wherry"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sebastian Amigorena"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joseph A Fraietta"
    },
    {
      "name": "Maclean P Nasrallah"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hongjun Song"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tyler E Miller"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stephen J Bagley"
    },
    {
      "name": "Donald M O’rourke"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zev A Binder"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cécile Alanio"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dana Silverbush"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bqqzmd4ftdj4x.bib",
  "cited_by": 4,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.cell.2026.05.026",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bqqzmd4ftdj4x",
  "issns": [
    "0092-8674",
    "1097-4172"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-05829062v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
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  "openalex": "W7164811381",
  "pdf_url": "https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-05829062/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-21",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bqqzmd4ftdj4x.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:00Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05829062",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://cnrs.hal.science/hal-05829062v1"
    }
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.imm",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.neu",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
    },
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "hal:1.sdv.can",
      "subfield": "oncology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The critical role of the endogenous immune compartment after CAR T cell therapy in recurrent GBM",
  "title_text": "The critical role of the endogenous immune compartment after CAR T cell therapy in recurrent GBM",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:18:00Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bqqzmd4ftdj4x",
  "venue": "Cell",
  "versions": []
}