{
  "abstract": "Background: Associations between diet and asthma in adults remain uncertain. Objective: To examine associations between two exploratory food-frequency scores and self-reported asthma. Methods: We analysed public-use data from the 2023 Italian Aspects of Daily Life survey. The PRO and ANTI scores summarised selected food frequencies; neither was a validated measure of dietary inflammatory potential. Survey-weighted logistic models were adjusted for age group, sex, education, body mass index, smoking, and household economic resources. Continuous and tertile specifications were fitted separately; an additional model included both continuous scores. Results: Among 33,182 adults with asthma information, weighted prevalence was 4.62% (95% CI 4.37–4.89). The regression sample included 32,000 adults and 1460 asthma cases. In the mutually adjusted model, PRO was not associated with asthma (OR per 10 points 1.004, 95% CI 0.952–1.059), whereas ANTI was inversely associated (OR 0.947, 95% CI 0.907–0.989). ANTI tertile comparisons did not reach conventional statistical significance. Sex-specific and restricted-sample analyses were exploratory. Conclusions: A modest inverse association was observed for the continuous ANTI score, but evidence was sensitive to exposure parameterisation. These cross-sectional findings do not demonstrate reduced asthma risk, respiratory benefit, or an inflammatory mechanism. Replication with validated dietary assessment and clinically characterised asthma is needed.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 48, 50134 Florence, Italy",
    "Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 4,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Manuela Chiavarini",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3551-7486"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Jacopo Dolcini",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5250-1833"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Giorgio Firmani",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-7797-1170"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Pamela Barbadoro",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1495-0165"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bre9w0fq617tk.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3390/nu18213485",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bre9w0fq617tk",
  "issns": [
    "2072-6643"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3485",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2737|Asthma and respiratory diseases"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223663789",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-23",
  "publisher": "MDPI AG",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bre9w0fq617tk.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:56Z",
      "native_id": "10.3390/nu18213485",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/18/21/3485"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2737|Asthma and respiratory diseases",
      "subfield": "physiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Exploratory Food-Frequency Scores and Self-Reported Asthma in Italian Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study",
  "title_text": "Exploratory Food-Frequency Scores and Self-Reported Asthma in Italian Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:56Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bre9w0fq617tk",
  "venue": "Nutrients",
  "versions": []
}