{
  "abstract": "Synchrotron small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) puts in evidence a hierarchical organization of ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF–TrFE)] that rationalizes its anisotropic piezoelectric response. The material is organized into stacks with a periodicity of ∼60 nm along the c-axis. These stacks consist of grains separated by isotropic amorphous (IA) regions. After poling, the grains separated by 1.5 nm IA regions along the a-axis are composed of crystalline or ordered amorphous (OA) domains, with characteristic sizes of ∼16 nm along the a-axis and ∼22 nm along the c-axis. Complementary Raman scattering puts in evidence that the OA phase has an all-trans conformation with a lower density than the crystalline one. Ferroelectric domains connected along the b-axis give rise to a large d33 piezoelectric coefficient. An analytical elastic model allows linking successfully the local piezoelectric coefficients to the macroscopic ones.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 7,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Christine Revenant"
    },
    {
      "name": "Simon Toinet"
    },
    {
      "name": "Joseph Faudou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gilbert André Chahine"
    },
    {
      "name": "Isabelle Morfin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Raphaël Ramos"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mohammed Benwadih"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/brntmz060a3z4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acs.macromol.6c01400",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "brntmz060a3z4",
  "issns": [
    "0024-9297",
    "1520-5835"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05758870v1",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "hal",
      "0.chim"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "0.phys"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.chim.poly"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "1.phys.cond"
    ],
    [
      "hal",
      "2.phys.cond.cm-ms"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Dielectric materials and actuators"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204992125",
  "pdf_url": "https://hal.science/hal-05758870/document",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-08-28",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/brntmz060a3z4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:37Z",
      "native_id": "hal-05758870",
      "source": "hal",
      "url": "https://hal.science/hal-05758870v1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "hal:1.chim.poly",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "hal:1.phys.cond",
      "subfield": "condensed-matter"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Linking Three-Dimensional Morphology to Piezoelectric Response in P(VDF-TrFE)",
  "title_text": "Linking Three-Dimensional Morphology to Piezoelectric Response in P(VDF-TrFE)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/brntmz060a3z4",
  "venue": "Macromolecules",
  "versions": []
}