{
  "abstract": "Quantum random number generators are crucial for information security, yet existing implementations are hindered by bulky optics, device imperfections, and state alignment constraints. Here, using a compact metasurface platform, we achieve polarization-independent certified randomness by establishing a quantitative quantum graph framework. By mapping multi-channel nanophotonic responses onto graph vertices, we assign metasurface measurements an operational information-theoretic meaning, directly connecting weighted graph degrees to conditional min-entropy estimation. The resulting graph-certified measurements yield robust private randomness even under entanglement-based attacks without complex optics. Experimentally, we fabricate 4- and 6-channel dielectric metasurfaces to implement high-dimensional positive operator-valued measure graphs, successfully certifying randomness with heralded single photons and Poissonian light. By integrating complex quantum measurements into a single passive layer, our metasurface quantum graphs provide a scalable route for integrated quantum technologies.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.16286",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Xing Lin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wenwen Liu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wange Song"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sixin Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shuang Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bsjq0wram0qn9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.16286",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bsjq0wram0qn9",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16286",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ],
    [
      "arxiv",
      "quant-ph"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "1702|Quantum Information and Cryptography"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221755844",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.16286",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-12",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bsjq0wram0qn9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:29:06Z",
      "native_id": "2610.16286",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.16286"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    },
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:quant-ph",
      "subfield": "quantum"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Metasurface quantum graphs for polarization-independent certified randomness",
  "title_text": "Metasurface quantum graphs for polarization-independent certified randomness",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:29:06Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bsjq0wram0qn9",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}