{
  "abstract": "Critical illnesses such as sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) evolve rapidly and are dominated by systemic inflammatory dysregulation, oxidative stress, and abrupt microenvironmental remodeling, which collectively narrow the therapeutic window and amplify treatment-related toxicity. Conventional pharmacotherapy is often limited by non-selective biodistribution, insufficient lesion exposure, and dose-limiting adverse effects. Intelligent nano-delivery systems (INDS) address these barriers by coupling pathological cues (e.g., pH gradients, redox/ROS imbalance, and disease-associated enzymes) to defined carrier-state transitions, thereby enabling lesion-confined activation, controlled bioavailability, and, in selected designs, real-time readouts. In this review, we summarize the design logic of stimulus-responsive and targeting modules, and critically discuss how they translate endogenous signals into payload release or functional actuation in representative critical-illness settings. We further highlight emerging directions, including self-adaptive multi-input gating and biomimetic interfaces, and discuss key translational constraints (manufacturability, safety, and reproducibility) that must be addressed to advance INDS toward critical-care practice.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "College of Basic Medical Sciences, The Medical Basic Research Innovation Center of Airway Disease in North China, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.",
    "Department of Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.",
    "State Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation & Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Convergence Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China."
  ],
  "article_type": "review article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 8,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Mengxin Zhao"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Baofeng Guo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Quanhao Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Mei Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Jiaying Yang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yueyang Liang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Wei Jiang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ling Zhang"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bsqy3cac778c4.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1016/j.apsb.2026.06.015",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13712275",
  "id": "bsqy3cac778c4",
  "issns": [
    "2211-3835",
    "2211-3843"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948347",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Review"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2502|Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7165155780",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13712275?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13712275",
  "pmid": "42948347",
  "published": "2026-06-18",
  "publisher": "Elsevier",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bsqy3cac778c4.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:36Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42948347",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42948347"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T12:22:53Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13712275",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2026.06.015"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "openalex:2502|Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery",
      "subfield": "materials-polymers"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Intelligent nano delivery systems: Classification, stimuli-responsive mechanisms, and therapeutic applications in critical illnesses.",
  "title_text": "Intelligent nano delivery systems: Classification, stimuli-responsive mechanisms, and therapeutic applications in critical illnesses.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-31T12:22:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bsqy3cac778c4",
  "venue": "Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B",
  "versions": []
}