{
  "abstract": "NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 (OCO‐2) and OCO‐3 have been observing Earth's atmosphere from space since September 2014 and August 2019, respectively. The version 11 (v11) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 full physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm has been used to provide estimates of the column‐averaged dry‐air mole fraction of carbon dioxide () from OCO measurements of surface reflected near‐infrared solar radiation. In this work, updates to the ACOS v11 retrieval algorithm are discussed, and the quality filtering and bias correction of the products are described. estimates from OCO‐2 and OCO‐3 are compared to Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) observations and to atmospheric inversion models, which serve as truth‐proxies for . In addition, a direct comparison of collocated soundings between OCO‐2 and OCO‐3 is performed. Variations in v11 over small areas show improvement in agreement between actual and theoretical uncertainties, suggesting a reduction in systematic errors compared to v10, especially for OCO‐3. There is reduced variance in the new v11 product relative to truth‐proxies, including less divergence in the values with time against models. The collocations of observations between OCO‐2 and OCO‐3 indicate an overall mean difference of <0.2 ppm across the overlapping time range. Furthermore, OCO‐2 and OCO‐3 agree better with each other than they do with the validation sources, suggesting a well conditioned and unified set of concentrations that can be used concurrently for carbon cycle studies to provide a benchmark record spanning September 2014 through August 2026.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Colorado State University Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere Fort Collins CO USA",
    "Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA",
    "Now at Schmidt Sciences New York NY USA",
    "Retired",
    "Now at GESTAR II University of Maryland Baltimore County Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, 614 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA",
    "Now at Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada",
    "JIFRESSE University of California Los Angeles CA USA",
    "Now at Planet Labs PBC San Francisco CA USA",
    "Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA",
    "Now at Department of Physics Utah Valley University Orem UT USA",
    "Division of Engineering and Applied Science and Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA",
    "Global Modeling and Assimilation Office NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA",
    "Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center University of Maryland College Park MD USA",
    "Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement/IPSL CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France",
    "Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Rochester Rochester NY USA",
    "National Centre for Earth Observation University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK",
    "Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research II Morgan State University Baltimore MD USA",
    "NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 619 ADNET Greenbelt MD USA",
    "Institute of Environmental Physics University of Bremen Bremen Germany",
    "Environmental Futures Research Centre and School of Science Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia",
    "Space and Earth Observation Centre Finnish Meteorological Institute Sodankylä Finland",
    "Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos NM USA",
    "Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMKASF) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Karlsruhe Germany",
    "National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Ibaraki Japan",
    "Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMKIFU) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Garmisch‐Partenkirchen Germany",
    "Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"
  ],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 68,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Thomas E. Taylor",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1650-4882"
    },
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Christopher W. O’Dell",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0271-8433"
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Albert Chang"
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        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Abhishek Chatterjee"
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        1,
        3
      ],
      "name": "Cecilia Cheng"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Lan Dang"
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    {
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        1,
        4
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      "name": "Saswati Das",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8306-0516"
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        1
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      "name": "Brendan Fisher",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4816-5923"
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    {
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Dejian Fu"
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Jonathan Hobbs"
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        0,
        5
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      "name": "Nicole Jacobs",
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Graziela R. Keller"
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        1
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      "name": "William Keely"
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        1
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      "name": "Yuliya Marchetti"
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      "name": "Aronne Merrelli",
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      "name": "Robert R. Nelson",
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      "name": "Greg Osterman",
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      "name": "Fabiano Oyafuso"
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      "name": "Sudhanshu Pandey",
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        1
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      "name": "Vivienne H. Payne",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9204-9703"
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      "affs": [
        1
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      "name": "Elise Rimsa"
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    {
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        1
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      "name": "Robert Rosenberg",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0459-4630"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        9
      ],
      "name": "Dustin Roten",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-7697-7588"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
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      "name": "Edwin Sarkissian"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Kacie Shelton"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
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      "name": "Gary Spiers"
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    {
      "affs": [
        1
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      "name": "Cathy To"
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      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Paul O. Wennberg",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6126-3854"
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    {
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        1
      ],
      "name": "Jia Zong"
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      "name": "David F. Baker"
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        12
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      "name": "Sourish Basu",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8605-5894"
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      "name": "Frédéric Chevallier",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4327-3813"
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      "affs": [
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      "name": "Sean Crowell"
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        15
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      "name": "Liang Feng"
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    {
      "affs": [
        15
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      "name": "Paul I. Palmer",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1487-0969"
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    {
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        11,
        16
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      "name": "Brad Weir",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6160-0577"
    },
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        17
      ],
      "name": "Kristan Morgan"
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    {
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        17
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      "name": "Andrey Savtchenko",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-1147-1014"
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      "name": "Matthias Buschmann",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5077-9524"
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      "name": "Nicholas M. Deutscher",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2906-2577"
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      "name": "Rigel Kivi",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8828-2759"
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      "name": "Manvendra Dubey",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3492-790X"
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      "name": "Frank Hase"
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      "name": "Isamu Morino",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2720-1569"
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      "name": "Justus Notholt",
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      "name": "Hirofumi Ohyama",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2109-9874"
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      "name": "Christof Petri",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-7010-5532"
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      "name": "Markus Rettinger"
    },
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      "affs": [
        25
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      "name": "Kimberly Strong"
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        24
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      "name": "Ralf Sussmann"
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  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/btcphng7shkhx.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1029/2026ea005360",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "btcphng7shkhx",
  "issns": [
    "2333-5084",
    "2333-5084"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2026EA005360",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2306|Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics"
    ]
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  "openalex": "W7223211050",
  "pdf_url": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2026EA005360",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": "American Geophysical Union (AGU)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/btcphng7shkhx.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:21:04Z",
      "native_id": "10.1029/2026ea005360",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2026EA005360"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "earth",
      "origin": "openalex:2306|Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics",
      "subfield": "climate"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The OCO‐2 and OCO‐3 ACOS Version 11 XCO ₂ Data Products: A Benchmark Record for Space‐Based Global Carbon Cycle Research",
  "title_text": "The OCO‐2 and OCO‐3 ACOS Version 11 XCO ₂ Data Products: A Benchmark Record for Space‐Based Global Carbon Cycle Research",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:21:04Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/btcphng7shkhx",
  "venue": "Earth and Space Science",
  "versions": []
}