{
  "abstract": "BackgroundSheng-Jiang Powder (SJP) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula with reported anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota-modulating activities. However, whether its protective effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are associated with gut microbial changes, sphingolipid/S1P metabolism, and S1PR1-related barrier signaling remains unclear.MethodsEAE was induced in female C57BL/6 mice, with SJP, Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK intervention group), or their combination administered from day 2 after immunization, before the expected onset of clinical signs. Clinical severity, histopathology, inflammatory cytokines, and barrier-related markers were evaluated. Gut microbiota changes were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA sequencing. Untargeted serum and fecal metabolomic profiles were analyzed by LC–MS. Serum-detected SJP-related compounds were characterized by UPLC–MS/MS and analyzed using network pharmacology. S1PR1-associated signaling was further examined by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and S1PR1-overexpression experiments in bEnd.3 cells.ResultsPre-onset SJP, AKK, and AKK_SJP interventions reduced EAE severity, inflammatory pathology, and serum inflammatory cytokine levels. These effects were accompanied by improved colonic barrier markers, increased Akkermansia-associated mucosal signals, and altered gut microbial profiles. Serum and fecal metabolomic analyses highlighted lipid-related pathways, particularly sphingolipid metabolism and signaling. Serum-detected SJP-related compounds mapped to a candidate network containing S1PR1. In colon and CNS tissues, treatment altered barrier-related markers and S1PR1 expression. In bEnd.3 cells, S1PR1 overexpression reduced ZO-1 expression, whereas SJP-containing serum partially attenuated this change.ConclusionsPre-onset SJP administration alleviated EAE and was accompanied by changes in gut microbial composition, sphingolipid/S1P-related metabolism, S1PR1 expression, and barrier-related markers. AKK-related intervention showed overlapping effects on several microbial, metabolic, and barrier-associated markers.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": "Original Research",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 15,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Hui Xia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jingjing Zeng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ye Tang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tianshan Liang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lilin Peng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chang Zhou"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yibo Zhan"
    },
    {
      "name": "Guixian Chen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Min Zhao"
    },
    {
      "name": "Haoyou Xu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Longlong Wen"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jiahui Zhang"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wenlin Yu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zequan Zheng"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yuanqi Zhao"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bxcffnqq6rz7n.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1933272",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "bxcffnqq6rz7n",
  "issns": [
    "1664-3224"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1933272",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "feed-journal",
      "biology/immunology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-11-06",
  "publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bxcffnqq6rz7n.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T06:20:04Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1933272",
      "source": "feed-frontiers",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1933272"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-06T12:21:13Z",
      "native_id": "10.3389/fimmu.2026.1933272",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1933272/full"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "feed-journal:biology/immunology",
      "subfield": "immunology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Sheng-Jiang Powder and Akkermansia muciniphila interventions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: microbiota-linked sphingolipid/S1PR1-associated barrier remodeling",
  "title_text": "Sheng-Jiang Powder and Akkermansia muciniphila interventions in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: microbiota-linked sphingolipid/S1PR1-associated barrier remodeling",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T00:22:43Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bxcffnqq6rz7n",
  "venue": "Frontiers in Immunology",
  "versions": []
}