{
  "abstract": "Lytic bacteriophages, viruses that lyse (kill) bacteria, hold great promise for treating infections, including wound infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, dosing and delivery strategies for phage therapy remain underdeveloped. In a mouse wound infection model specifically designed to evaluate the treatment of established infections-a critical gap in existing preclinical models-we investigated the impact of administration route, dose, and frequency on phage therapy efficacy. In this model, topical, but not systemic, delivery reduced wound bacterial burden. In vitro and in vivo data revealed rapid emergence of phage resistance and suggested potential benefit of using high and repeated doses. Building on these insights, we developed HydroPhage, a phage-containing hyaluronan-based hydrogel formed with dynamic covalent crosslinks that delivers high-titer phages over one week. Here, we show that sustained hydrogel-based delivery is a practical and effective approach for topical phage application.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA",
    "Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA",
    "Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany",
    "Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Redwood City, CA, USA",
    "Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA",
    "Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands",
    "Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, USA",
    "Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA",
    "Division of Pediatric Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA",
    "Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. chaudhuri@stanford.edu",
    "Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. pbollyky@stanford.edu"
  ],
  "article_type": "research support, non u.s. gov't",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 20,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yung‐Hao Lin",
      "orcid": "0009-0005-5318-6851"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tejas Dharmaraj",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5305-9968"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Qingquan Chen",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6849-177X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1,
        2
      ],
      "name": "Arne Echterhof",
      "orcid": "0009-0001-6963-9780"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Robert Manasherob",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-3236-789X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Lucy J. Zhang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Zhiwei Li",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9375-7138"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Cas de Leeuw",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-7225-4925"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Nana Ansuah Peterson",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4330-5133"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tony Hong Wei Chang",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4227-6163"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Whitney Stannard"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maryam Hajfathalian",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0273-9944"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Aviv Hargil",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-8121-9301"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Hunter A. Martinez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-1129-3382"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Julie D. Pourtois",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6939-2909"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "Maya Abhyankar",
      "orcid": "0009-0007-7642-2081"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Francis G. Blankenberg",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6511-8849"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Derek F. Amanatullah",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6203-5853"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Ovijit Chaudhuri",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9287-3401"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        10
      ],
      "name": "Paul L. Bollyky",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2499-9448"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/by4tr557a31fy.bib",
  "cited_by": 18,
  "doi": "10.1038/s41467-026-77992-1",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683399",
  "id": "by4tr557a31fy",
  "issns": [
    "2041-1723"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42901960",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2303|Bacteriophages and microbial interactions"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2406|Bacteriophages and microbial interactions"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213625199",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13683399?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13683399",
  "pmid": "42901960",
  "published": "2026-09-19",
  "publisher": "Nature Portfolio",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/by4tr557a31fy.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:41Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42901960",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42901960"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T13:26:58Z",
      "native_id": "W7213625199",
      "source": "openalex",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-77992-1"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2303|Bacteriophages and microbial interactions",
      "subfield": "ecology"
    },
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "openalex:2406|Bacteriophages and microbial interactions",
      "subfield": "microbiology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Dosing and delivery of bacteriophage therapy in a murine wound infection model.",
  "title_text": "Dosing and delivery of bacteriophage therapy in a murine wound infection model.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-07T13:20:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/by4tr557a31fy",
  "venue": "Nature communications",
  "versions": []
}