{
  "abstract": "While movement sequences in choreography are often taught through instructor demonstrations, the influence of visual perspective on learning outcomes has received limited attention. Drawing on cognitive load theory, we investigated how the requests imposed by different instructional perspectives affect learning and performance. We compared the effects of Back view (first-person), Front mirror view (third-person mirrored), and Front opposite view (third-person) between dancers. We hypothesized lower cognitive load and better performance in the Back view, particularly for less experienced dancers. After preregistering the study, 32 dancers with varying levels of experience learned a moderately complex choreography from pre-recorded videos, in the three perspectives. Five dance experts assessed movement accuracy, spatial skills, and rhythm/dynamics using a validated scoring system and a new open-source digital tool. The Back view consistently yielded superior outcomes, especially among less trained dancers. No significant differences emerged between the two third-person views, possibly due to sample size or dancer background. These findings suggest that first-person perspectives may support motor learning, with performance patterns consistent with reduced cognitive load. Practically, camera perspective should be considered in online instruction, while first-person views may benefit early in-person training. Our results highlight the role of visual perspective in learning choreography and complex motor routines, offering both theoretical and applied contributions, including validation of a novel digital assessment tool.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Centre for Brain and Behaviour, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom",
    "Sports and Exercise Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom",
    "Trinity Centre for Global Health, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland",
    "Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark",
    "The English National Ballet School, London, United Kingdom",
    "The Royal Ballet School, London, United Kingdom",
    "Trinity Laban Conservatoire for Music and Dance, London, United Kingdom",
    "Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, Victorian College of Arts, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia",
    "Department of Drama, School of the Arts, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom",
    "Physiotherapy Department, Mile End Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, LondonUnited Kingdom"
  ],
  "article_type": "Research Article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 12,
  "authors": [
    {
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        0
      ],
      "name": "Elisabetta Versace"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
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      "name": "Manuela Angioi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Kristin Hadfield"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Vincent Gallo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Lars Juhl Jensen"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Juncal Roman"
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    {
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        6
      ],
      "name": "Karen Sheriff"
    },
    {
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        7
      ],
      "name": "Emma Redding"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Frances Clarke"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        9
      ],
      "name": "Julian Deering"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dylan Morrissey"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stephen Buckingham"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/byhx8nqq250kd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1371/journal.pone.0355860",
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  "id": "byhx8nqq250kd",
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    "1932-6203"
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  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355860",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY 4.0",
  "licence_source": "journal",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "3204|Sport Psychology and Performance"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive science/Cognitive psychology/Learning"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive science/Cognitive psychology/Learning/Human learning"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Cognitive science/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Learning and memory/Learning"
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Learning and memory/Learning/Human learning"
    ],
    [
      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Neuroscience/Sensory perception/Vision"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Learning"
    ],
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      "plos",
      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Learning/Human learning"
    ],
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      "/Biology and life sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Perception/Sensory perception/Vision"
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      "/Research and analysis methods/Mathematical and statistical techniques/Statistical methods/Regression analysis/Linear regression analysis"
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      "/Social sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Learning"
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      "/Social sciences/Psychology/Cognitive psychology/Learning/Human learning"
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  "openalex": "W7213440176",
  "pdf_url": null,
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-09-16",
  "publisher": "Public Library of Science",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/byhx8nqq250kd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
      "native_id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0355860",
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      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355860"
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  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "biology",
      "origin": "plos:neuroscience",
      "subfield": "neuroscience"
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  ],
  "title": "Enhancing dance learning by optimising instructional perspective: A preregistered study on the effect of dancers’ viewing perspective, cognitive load and expertise",
  "title_text": "Enhancing dance learning by optimising instructional perspective: A preregistered study on the effect of dancers’ viewing perspective, cognitive load and expertise",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:17:49Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/byhx8nqq250kd",
  "venue": "PLOS One",
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}