{
  "abstract": "Chemical enrichment shapes how galaxies form and evolve. The gas-phase metallicity is directly linked to the stellar mass, star formation rate, and cold gas of the interstellar medium. Thus, the cold gas fundamental metallicity relation (GFMR) is a powerful tool for probing galaxy evolution, bridging large-scale gas flows modulating the cold gas reservoir and small-scale metal enrichment tracing the cumulative impact of star formation. Constraining all these properties for the same representative sample of galaxies remains challenging yet essential. Using CO(3--2) band 3 observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Chemical Evolution (ACE) survey, we investigated the GFMR in a sample of 26 main-sequence (log(M_*, med)=9.96), subsolar-metallicity (12+log(O/H)_med=8.44) star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z~2. With 17/26 CO detections, including some of the lowest-metallicity CO detections at cosmic noon, we find that the stellar mass remains the primary driver of the chemical evolution in our sample (sigmaMZR~0.10). Whereas the molecular gas likely plays a secondary role (sigmaGFMR~0.11) similar to that of the star formation rate (sigmaFMR~0.13). This likely reflects our sensitivity to only the CO-bright component of the molecular reservoir. Our results remain consistent with gas-regulator models and suggest the existence of efficient molecular outflows, with an average mass loading factor of eta~4, regulating star formation and chemical enrichment.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2609.20921",
  "author_total": 14,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "I. Langan"
    },
    {
      "name": "I. Shivaei"
    },
    {
      "name": "G. Popping"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. A. Boogaard"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. N. Geesink"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Kaasinen"
    },
    {
      "name": "A. Pope"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. Popescu"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Solimano"
    },
    {
      "name": "L. Arriscado"
    },
    {
      "name": "D. Narayanan"
    },
    {
      "name": "M. Parente"
    },
    {
      "name": "N. Reddy"
    },
    {
      "name": "R. L. Sanders"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/byshjxw6mnbx9.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2609.20921",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "byshjxw6mnbx9",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20921",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "astro-ph.GA"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "3103|Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7213942257",
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.20921",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-07",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/byshjxw6mnbx9.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:27:37Z",
      "native_id": "2609.20921",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20921"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "astronomy",
      "origin": "arxiv:astro-ph.GA",
      "subfield": "galaxies"
    }
  ],
  "title": "ALMA Chemical Evolution (ACE) survey: The gas fundamental metallicity relation at cosmic noon",
  "title_text": "ALMA Chemical Evolution (ACE) survey: The gas fundamental metallicity relation at cosmic noon",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:27:37Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/byshjxw6mnbx9",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": []
}