{
  "abstract": "As power systems pursue deep decarbonization while retaining dispatchable capacity, retrofitting the existing coal-fired boiler fleet with carbon-free fuels such as ammonia is a pragmatic option, but practical implementation is constrained by the coupled behavior of combustion stability, char burnout, and NO formation. In this work, a Chemkin-based chemical reactor network (CRN) is developed for a 350 MW pulverized-coal boiler with staged air, combining perfectly stirred reactors for the main furnace zones with detailed gas-phase kinetics and heterogeneous NO-char/soot reactions. The CRN is validated against staged drop-tube-furnace measurements for pure coal and 20% ammonia cofiring (dry 6%O2), predicting outlet O2, CO2 and CO within ∼10% and capturing the measured NO rise. With ammonia introduced in the flame zone, simulations for 0–80% blending (20% step) show near-linear reductions in CO2 and CO (−21%/–73% at 20%; −84%/–98% at 80%), while char consumption is delayed and the NO/burnout peaks shift downstream. NO varies nonlinearly, increasing from 20% to 60% but decreasing at 80%. Reaction analysis attributes this trend to competition for H/OH radicals: at high ammonia fractions, NH3 dehydrogenation depletes H/OH, promotes N2 formation via NHi, and suppresses NO production. At 20% cofiring, injection location is critical: postflame injection minimizes CO2/CO (−33%/–80%) but increases NO (∼+88%), whereas burnout-zone injection causes a much larger NO penalty (about +571%). Among the 20% cofiring cases, flame-zone injection yields the lowest predicted NO emission. The outlet NH3 values are conditional on the ideal-mixing assumptions of the CRN and are not interpreted as quantitative predictions of ammonia slip under practical high-ratio operation. The results provide a chemical-kinetic interpretation of the effects of blending ratio and injection location within the modeled conditions. The results relate the predicted outlet species concentrations to nitrogen-conversion pathways under the prescribed network and operating conditions.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Northeast Electric Power University , , , ,"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zhongyuan Hu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Qing Wang",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9840-6492"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Zefeng Sun"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yuan Wang"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Dongyang Wu"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Shuang Wu"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bzjby1aevrhsd.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08330",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13688583",
  "id": "bzjby1aevrhsd",
  "issns": [
    "2470-1343"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/41/63973/5447780/Ammonia-Co-Firing-in-a-Staged-Air-Pulverized-Coal",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "1507|Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7221171631",
  "pdf_url": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsomega.6c08330",
  "pmcid": "PMC13688583",
  "pmid": "42923998",
  "published": "2026-10-09",
  "publisher": "American Chemical Society (ACS)",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bzjby1aevrhsd.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:18:39Z",
      "native_id": "10.1021/acsomega.6c08330",
      "source": "crossref",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/acsodf/article/11/41/63973/5447780/Ammonia-Co-Firing-in-a-Staged-Air-Pulverized-Coal"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42923998",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42923998"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "chemistry",
      "origin": "issn:2470-1343",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Ammonia Co-Firing in a Staged-Air Pulverized-Coal Boiler: Reactor-Network Prediction of Carbon Reduction and Nitrogen-Oxide Emissions",
  "title_text": "Ammonia Co-Firing in a Staged-Air Pulverized-Coal Boiler: Reactor-Network Prediction of Carbon Reduction and Nitrogen-Oxide Emissions",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:20:33Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bzjby1aevrhsd",
  "venue": "ACS Omega",
  "versions": []
}