{
  "abstract": "Histopathological data from solvent control tadpoles (n=2,065) were compiled from 74 amphibian metamorphosis assay (AMA) studies evaluated at AnaPath Services GmbH between March 2019 and October 2025. The median Nieuwkoop and Faber stage was 59 (range, 55–63) across all control groups. The four core diagnoses (follicular cell hypertrophy or hyperplasia and thyroid hypertrophy or atrophy) for the histopathological evaluation of tadpole thyroid glands in AMA studies were observed at prevalences of <5% in solvent control groups. The low incidence of these core diagnoses reflects consideration of the normal morphology expected at a defined developmental stage. Lesions in non-target tissues of solvent controls were limited in number and variability. Selected treatment-related thyroid gland and non-target organ lesions are included as examples.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "AnaPath Services GmbH, Hammerstrasse 49, 4410 Liestal, Switzerland",
    "Kühn Pathologie AG, Rothusstrasse 2, 6331 Hünenberg, Switzerland"
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 13,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Paula Ortega"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Tanja Razinger"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Olivia Kristina Richard"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Laura Polledo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Ricardo de Miguel"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Raquel Vallejo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Katja Scharbert"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Victor Antoraz Martin"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Kristel Kegler"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Robert Kreuzer"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Yoshimasa Okazaki"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Nils Warfving"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Klaus Weber"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bzywq6n4f8xt0.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1293/tox.2026-0005",
  "fulltext_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13731825/",
  "id": "bzywq6n4f8xt0",
  "issns": [
    "0914-9198",
    "1881-915X"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://doi.org/10.1293/tox.2026-0005",
  "language": "en",
  "licence": "CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0",
  "licence_label": "CC BY-NC-ND 4.0",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Article"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2307|Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7204457103",
  "pdf_url": "https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tox/advpub/0/advpub_2026-0005/_pdf",
  "pmcid": "PMC13731825",
  "pmid": "42985267",
  "published": "2026-08-28",
  "publisher": "The Japanese Society of Toxicologic Pathology",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bzywq6n4f8xt0.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-08T12:21:57Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13731825",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1293/tox.2026-0005"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2307|Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology",
      "subfield": "pharmacology-toxicology"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Histological control data in target and non-target organs versus induced findings from 74 amphibian metamorphosis assays (AMAs) using the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)",
  "title_text": "Histological control data in target and non-target organs versus induced findings from 74 amphibian metamorphosis assays (AMAs) using the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-08T12:21:57Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/bzywq6n4f8xt0",
  "venue": "Journal of Toxicologic Pathology",
  "versions": []
}