{
  "abstract": "Background\n\nParoxysmal dyskinesia (PD) is an episodic movement disorder in dogs. Gluten-sensitive etiology has been suggested, but prospective studies in different breeds are lacking.Hypothesis/objectives\n\nInvestigate whether a gluten-free hydrolyzed diet (GFHD) decreases PD episode frequency and gastrointestinal (GI) signs, and evaluate associations with serum anti-gliadin peptide immunoglobulin G (AGA IgG) and anti-transglutaminase-2 immunoglobulin A (TG-2 IgA) titers.Animals\n\nTwenty-three client-owned dogs with PD.Methods\n\nProspective cohort study with 3 time points: baseline (T0), 90 days (T1), and 180 days (T2). Dogs were fed a GFHD. Episode frequency, GI signs and AGA IgG and TG-2 IgA titers were assessed at each time point. Response to GFHD was classified as excellent (episode disappearance), good (≥50% decrease), fairly good (<50% decrease), or poor (no change or increase).Results\n\nMedian number of episodes decreased from 6 (range, 2-60) at T0 to 2 (range, 0-10) at T2 (P = .0003). At T2, 17/23 dogs were responders (5 excellent, 12 good). Gastrointestinal signs were present in 15/23 dogs at T0 and in 6/23 dogs at T2, with significant decreases in vomiting and diarrhea (P = .01). No significant correlation was found between episode frequency and AGA IgG or TG-2 IgA titers at any time point (P > .1). Antibody results did not significantly change between T0 and T2.Conclusions and clinical importance\n\nThe GFHD was associated with a significant decrease in PD frequency and GI signs in most dogs. The AGA IgG and TG-2 IgA titers were not predictive of dietary response, suggesting limited value as biomarkers.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.",
    "Veterinaria Corlazzoli, Rome, Italy.",
    "Neurovet, Legnano, Milan, Italy.",
    "Clinica Veterinaria Pedrani, Diagnostica Piccoli Animali Srl, Zugliano, Italy.",
    "Veterinary Neurological Center `La Fenice,' Selargius, Italy.",
    "Valdinievole Veterinary Clinic, Monsummano Terme, Italy.",
    "Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.",
    "AniCura Clinica Veterinaria Arcella, Padova, Italy.",
    "PalermoVet Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Palermo, Italy."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 18,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0,
        1
      ],
      "name": "Samuel Okonji"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Francesca Del Baldo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Elisa Garuti"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Carla G Vecchiato"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Alessandro Di Carlo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gaia Costantini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Alberto Cauduro"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        2
      ],
      "name": "Andrea Di Paola"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        3
      ],
      "name": "Cristian Falzone"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Antonella Gallucci"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        4
      ],
      "name": "Ilaria Tartari"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Massimo Baroni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        5
      ],
      "name": "Federica Poli"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Ezio Bianchi"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        6
      ],
      "name": "Valentina Buffagni"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        7
      ],
      "name": "Alessia Valentini"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        8
      ],
      "name": "Teresa Gagliardo"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "Gualtiero Gandini"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c0cppmd2zdnam.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1093/jvimsj/aalag255",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13714782",
  "id": "c0cppmd2zdnam",
  "issns": [
    "0891-6640",
    "1939-1676"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42949439",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "heading",
      "AcademicSubjects/SCI01400"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Original Research"
    ],
    [
      "heading",
      "Small Animal Internal Medicine Neurology"
    ],
    [
      "openalex",
      "2715|Celiac Disease Research and Management"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7224132019",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13714782?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13714782",
  "pmid": "42949439",
  "published": "2026-09-01",
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press",
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c0cppmd2zdnam.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-31T00:20:35Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42949439",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42949439"
    },
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-11-01T12:22:13Z",
      "native_id": "PMC13714782",
      "source": "pmc",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jvimsj/aalag255"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "openalex:2715|Celiac Disease Research and Management",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Effects of a gluten-free hydrolyzed diet in dogs with paroxysmal dyskinesia: a prospective cohort study.",
  "title_text": "Effects of a gluten-free hydrolyzed diet in dogs with paroxysmal dyskinesia: a prospective cohort study.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-11-01T12:22:13Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c0cppmd2zdnam",
  "venue": "Journal of veterinary internal medicine",
  "versions": []
}