{
  "abstract": "An efficient numerical method is introduced for simulating wave propagation in 3D-printed freeform waveguides, referred to as photonic wire bonds (PWBs). This approach integrates transformation optics (TO) with curvilinear meshing to map the original 3D freeform PWB structure onto a straight waveguide, which possesses anisotropic material characteristics. The resulting waveguide is then analyzed using an anisotropic full-vectorial beam propagation method (BPM). To validate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed TO-BPM algorithm, a comparison is made with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. Our approach reduces the simulation time by more than two orders of magnitude, depending on the degree of trajectory bending, in combination with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.9% in power transmission simulation relative to the FDTD.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [],
  "article_type": null,
  "arxiv": "2610.31004",
  "author_total": 5,
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Sina Foroutan-Barenji"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jonas Krimmer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stefan Singer"
    },
    {
      "name": "Christian Koos"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wolfgang Freude"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c18yg4b2j84tr.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.48550/arxiv.2610.31004",
  "fulltext_url": null,
  "id": "c18yg4b2j84tr",
  "issns": [],
  "landing_url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31004",
  "language": null,
  "licence": "LicenseRef-arXiv-nonexclusive-1.0",
  "licence_label": "arXiv licence",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/",
  "metadata_licence": "CC0-1.0",
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "arxiv",
      "physics.optics"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": null,
  "pdf_url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.31004",
  "pmcid": null,
  "pmid": null,
  "published": "2026-10-22",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c18yg4b2j84tr.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:34:34Z",
      "native_id": "2610.31004",
      "source": "arxiv",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.31004"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "physics",
      "origin": "arxiv:physics.optics",
      "subfield": "optics-photonics"
    }
  ],
  "title": "Efficient Modeling of 3D-Printed Freeform Waveguides with a Transformation Optics-Based Beam Propagation Method",
  "title_text": "Efficient Modeling of 3D-Printed Freeform Waveguides with a Transformation Optics-Based Beam Propagation Method",
  "type": "preprint",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:34:34Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c18yg4b2j84tr",
  "venue": "arXiv",
  "versions": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1364/oe.610722",
      "pid": null,
      "relation": "published-as",
      "title": null,
      "venue": null
    }
  ]
}