{
  "abstract": "This study compared the biomechanical profiles of elite and recreational distance runners across five measurement domains using wearable inertial sensors across treadmill speeds of 10-15 km/h. A total of 104 runners (52 elite; 52 recreational) were assessed using RunScribe sensors during an incremental treadmill protocol. Twenty-three variables spanning spatiotemporal parameters, stiffness and force, impact loading, foot kinematics and vertical dynamics were recorded at each speed. Elite runners were matched 1:1 with recreational runners by sex, age, height, and body mass. For each variable, a linear mixed-effects model (LMM) was fitted to within-pair differences with pair-level random intercepts and speed slopes, and speed and within-pair body mass and age imbalances as fixed effects. FDR correction (Benjamini-Hochberg) was applied to the 23 group-effect and 23 interaction tests independently. Twelve of 23 variables (52.2%) showed a significant group effect, and six (26.1%) a significant group×speed interaction after FDR correction. Elite runners showed shorter contact time (dz = -0.73 to -0.53), higher flight ratio (dz = +0.52 to +0.66) and a more anterior footstrike pattern at initial contact (dz = +0.58 to +0.67). RunScribe-estimated vertical GRF rate and leg stiffness were also higher than in recreational runners (dz = +0.48 to +0.75, and + 0.51 to +0.62, respectively). Step frequency and step length showed no overall group difference. Significant group×speed interactions revealed that, for most affected variables, values changed more steeply with speed in recreational runners. These findings describe a distinct mechanical profile in elite runners across the six evaluated submaximal speeds.",
  "abstract_shown": true,
  "affiliations": [
    "Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain.",
    "Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria."
  ],
  "article_type": "research article",
  "arxiv": null,
  "author_total": 6,
  "authors": [
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "C Mayo-Nieto",
      "orcid": "0009-0008-7390-295X"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "A Cartón-Llorente",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5551-6037"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "A Rafales-Perucha",
      "orcid": "0009-0006-4208-8196"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "S Cardiel-Sánchez",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-3804-1345"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        1
      ],
      "name": "D Jaén-Carrillo",
      "orcid": "0000-0003-0588-0871"
    },
    {
      "affs": [
        0
      ],
      "name": "L E Roche-Seruendo",
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8492-9244"
    }
  ],
  "bibtex": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c2fh8wkhwwx1q.bib",
  "cited_by": 0,
  "doi": "10.1111/sms.70385",
  "fulltext_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687571",
  "id": "c2fh8wkhwwx1q",
  "issns": [
    "0905-7188",
    "1600-0838"
  ],
  "landing_url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908092",
  "language": "eng",
  "licence": "CC-BY",
  "licence_label": "CC BY",
  "licence_source": "article",
  "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "metadata_licence": null,
  "native_subjects": [
    [
      "openalex",
      "2204|Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies"
    ]
  ],
  "openalex": "W7223179083",
  "pdf_url": "https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC13687571?pdf=render",
  "pmcid": "PMC13687571",
  "pmid": "42908092",
  "published": "2026-10-30",
  "publisher": null,
  "ris": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c2fh8wkhwwx1q.ris",
  "sources": [
    {
      "first_seen": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
      "native_id": "MED:42908092",
      "source": "europepmc",
      "url": "https://europepmc.org/article/MED/42908092"
    }
  ],
  "subjects": [
    {
      "field": "medicine",
      "origin": "journal-openalex:F27",
      "subfield": "general"
    }
  ],
  "title": "The Biomechanical Signature of Elite Distance Running: A Matched Pairs Analysis Across Multiple Speeds.",
  "title_text": "The Biomechanical Signature of Elite Distance Running: A Matched Pairs Analysis Across Multiple Speeds.",
  "type": "peer-reviewed",
  "updated_at": "2026-10-30T12:19:53Z",
  "url": "https://research.draconitic.com/paper/c2fh8wkhwwx1q",
  "venue": "Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports",
  "versions": []
}